Gentamicin

Introduction

Gentamicin is a type of aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used to treat several types of bacterial infections. This includes meningitis, pneumonia, and infections of the skin, bone, stomach, and blood. Gentamicin is also used in combination with other antibiotics to treat infections caused by gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and certain species of streptococci.

Pharmacology

Gentamicin works by binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis and leading to the death of the bacteria. It is bactericidal, meaning it kills bacteria rather than simply inhibiting their growth.

Usage and Administration

Gentamicin can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, or topically, depending on the type and location of the infection. The dosage and duration of treatment will vary depending on the patient's age, weight, kidney function, and the severity of the infection.

Side Effects

Like all medications, gentamicin can cause side effects. The most common side effects include pain or irritation at the injection site, nausea, vomiting, and rash. More serious side effects can include kidney damage, hearing loss, and balance problems. These are more likely with long-term use or high doses of gentamicin.

Resistance

Bacterial resistance to gentamicin is a growing concern. Resistance can occur when bacteria mutate or acquire resistance genes from other bacteria. Measures to prevent resistance include using the lowest effective dose of gentamicin, limiting the duration of treatment, and using gentamicin in combination with other antibiotics.

History

Gentamicin was first isolated in 1963 from the fermentation broth of the bacterium Micromonospora purpurea. It was named after the bacterial genus "Gentamicina" from which it was derived. Since its discovery, gentamicin has been widely used in both human and veterinary medicine.