Genetic engineering, also known as genetic modification, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology. It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms[1]. New DNA is obtained by either isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using recombinant DNA methods or by artificially synthesising the DNA. A construct is usually created and used to insert this DNA into the host organism. As well as inserting genes, the process can be used to remove, or "knock out", genes. The new DNA can be inserted randomly, or targeted to a specific part of the genome.
A scientist working in a laboratory, using a pipette to transfer a small amount of liquid to a petri dish.A scientist working in a laboratory, using a pipette to transfer a small amount of liquid to a petri dish.
History
The discovery of DNA and the understanding of its functions have paved the way for the development of genetic engineering. The first experiments that led to genetic engineering were conducted in 1953 by American biochemists Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer[2]. They discovered that DNA can be cut and joined together at specific sequences, which is the fundamental principle of genetic engineering.
A close-up view of DNA strands, with one strand being cut and a new piece being inserted.A close-up view of DNA strands, with one strand being cut and a new piece being inserted.
Recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA technology involves the combination of DNA molecules from different sources into one molecule in a test tube. It is the most common form of genetic engineering, and it involves the use of restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites, and then the DNA is recombined in a new arrangement.
Gene Splicing
Gene splicing is a process by which the DNA of an organism is cut and a gene from another organism is inserted. This is often used in genetic engineering to combine the DNA of different organisms to create a new organism with desired traits.
Gene Silencing
Gene silencing is a technique used to suppress the expression of a gene. This can be done by deleting the gene, or by blocking the transcription of the gene into mRNA. This technique is often used in research to study the function of specific genes.
A depiction of a DNA strand with a section being blocked off, preventing it from being transcribed into mRNA.A depiction of a DNA strand with a section being blocked off, preventing it from being transcribed into mRNA.
CRISPR-Cas9
CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary gene-editing system that allows scientists to edit parts of the genome by removing, adding or altering sections of the DNA sequence. It is the simplest, most versatile and precise method of genetic manipulation and is therefore a key tool in genetic engineering.
Applications
Genetic engineering has a wide range of applications, including in medicine, research, industry, and agriculture. It has been used to produce medicines and vaccines, create genetically modified crops and animals, and research diseases.
A field of genetically modified crops, with a clear sky in the background.A field of genetically modified crops, with a clear sky in the background.
Medicine and Research
In medicine, genetic engineering has been used to mass-produce insulin, human growth hormones, follistim (for treating infertility), human albumin, monoclonal antibodies, antihemophilic factors, vaccines, and many other drugs[3]. In research, organisms are genetically engineered to discover the functions of certain genes.
Industrial Applications
In industry, bacteria are genetically engineered to produce chemicals that they do not normally produce. Substances that bacteria have been engineered to produce include ethanol, acetone, organic acids, enzymes, and amino acids.
Agriculture
In agriculture, genetic engineering is used to create genetically modified crops (GM crops) that are resistant to pests or diseases, or that have improved nutritional content. This can increase crop yields and reduce the need for chemical pesticides.
Ethical Issues
The use of genetic engineering has raised many ethical issues. These include concerns about human health, the environment, animal welfare, and the morality of altering an organism's genetic makeup.
A group of people in a discussion, with a focus on a document that has the words "Ethical Issues" at the top.A group of people in a discussion, with a focus on a document that has the words "Ethical Issues" at the top.
↑== Overview ==
The Cite web template is a citation style commonly used in Wikipedia articles to cite online sources. It is part of a larger family of citation templates that are used to accurately reference different types of sources in a consistent and structured manner. The Cite web template specifically caters to online sources, including websites, online articles, blogs, and other digital media.
Usage
The Cite web template is used by inserting the following code into the text of an article: {{Cite web |url= |title= |access-date= |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher= }}. Each of these parameters represents a different piece of information about the source being cited.
Screenshot of a filled out Cite web template in the editor of a Wikipedia article.Screenshot of a filled out Cite web template in the editor of a Wikipedia article.
Parameters
url: The URL of the online source. This should be the direct link to the source material, not a general website address.
title: The title of the online source. If the source does not have a formal title, a brief description can be used.
access-date: The date when the online source was last accessed. This is important as online content can change or be removed over time.
last and first: The last and first name of the author(s) of the online source. If there are multiple authors, additional parameters (last2, first2, etc.) can be used.
date: The date when the online source was published. If this is not available, the date of last update can be used.
website: The name of the website where the online source is located.
publisher: The entity that published the online source.
Importance
The Cite web template plays a crucial role in maintaining the reliability and credibility of Wikipedia. By providing a standardized format for citing online sources, it ensures that readers can verify the information presented in articles and trace it back to its original source. This is especially important in the digital age, where information is abundant and its authenticity can sometimes be questionable.
Variations
While the Cite web template is the most commonly used for online sources, there are several other citation templates available for different types of sources. These include == Overview ==
The Cite book template is a citation style commonly used in Wikipedia to reference books. It is a part of the larger family of citation templates that are used to accurately and consistently cite various types of sources. The template is designed to be comprehensive and detailed, allowing for the inclusion of a wide range of bibliographic information.
Usage
The Cite book template is used by inserting the following code into the text: Template loop detected: Template:Cite book. Each of these parameters corresponds to a specific piece of bibliographic information.
For instance, 'last' and 'first' refer to the last and first names of the book's author(s), 'date' refers to the publication date, 'title' is the title of the book, 'url' is the link to the online version of the book (if available), 'access-date' is the date when the online version was accessed, and 'publisher' is the name of the publishing company.
Parameters
The Cite book template includes a number of parameters, each of which corresponds to a specific piece of bibliographic information. These parameters are used to provide a detailed citation for the book being referenced.
A well-organized bookshelf with various types of books.A well-organized bookshelf with various types of books.
The following is a list of parameters used in the Cite book template:
last: The last name of the author(s).
first: The first name of the author(s).
date: The publication date of the book.
title: The title of the book.
url: The URL of the online version of the book (if available).
access-date: The date when the online version was accessed.
publisher: The name of the publishing company.
It's important to note that while these parameters are commonly used, they are not mandatory. The template is flexible and can accommodate a wide range of citation needs.
Variations
There are several variations of the Cite book template that can be used to accommodate different citation needs. These variations include:
Cite book |author-link=: This variation is used when the author of the book has a Wikipedia page. The 'author-link' parameter is used to create a hyperlink to the author's Wikipedia page.
Cite book |edition=: This variation is used to cite a specific edition of a book. The 'edition' parameter is used to specify the edition being cited.
Cite book |chapter=: This variation is used to cite a specific chapter of a book. The 'chapter' parameter is used to specify the chapter being cited.
A "Cite journal" template is a predefined format used in academic and scientific writing to provide a consistent method of citing sources from journal articles. The template is designed to ensure that all necessary information is included and presented in a standard format, making it easier for readers to locate the original source of the information. This template is widely used in Wikipedia and other online encyclopedias to maintain a high level of academic integrity and to adhere to the principles of citation and avoiding plagiarism.
Usage
The "Cite journal" template is used by inserting the template code into the text of an article at the point where the citation is required. The template code includes various fields that need to be filled in with the details of the journal article being cited. These fields include the author(s), title of the article, title of the journal, volume and issue number, publication date, page numbers, and DOI (Digital Object Identifier) if available.
A close-up view of a journal article citation in a bibliography. The citation includes the author's name, the title of the article, the name of the journal, the volume and issue number, the year of publication, and the page numbers.A close-up view of a journal article citation in a bibliography. The citation includes the author's name, the title of the article, the name of the journal, the volume and issue number, the year of publication, and the page numbers.
Fields
The "Cite journal" template includes several fields that are used to provide detailed information about the journal article being cited. These fields are:
Author: The name(s) of the author(s) of the journal article. This field is mandatory.
Title: The title of the journal article. This field is mandatory.
Journal: The name of the journal in which the article was published. This field is mandatory.
Volume: The volume number of the journal in which the article was published.
Issue: The issue number of the journal in which the article was published.
Pages: The page numbers of the article in the journal.
Year: The year in which the article was published. This field is mandatory.
DOI: The Digital Object Identifier of the article, if available. This is a unique alphanumeric string assigned to a digital object, such as a research report or a journal article, to provide a persistent link to its location on the internet.
Benefits
The use of the "Cite journal" template offers several benefits. It ensures that all necessary information about a source is included in a citation, which helps readers to locate the original source of the information. The template also provides a consistent format for citations, which makes it easier for readers to understand the citation and for editors to check the accuracy of the citation. Furthermore, the use of the template helps to maintain the credibility and integrity of the article by demonstrating that the information has been sourced from reputable and reliable sources.
Limitations
While the "Cite journal" template is a valuable tool for citing journal articles, it does have some limitations. The template may not be suitable for citing sources that are not journal articles, such as books, websites, or personal communications. In these cases, other citation templates may be more appropriate. Additionally, the template requires detailed information about the source, which may not always be readily available. Finally, the use of the template requires a certain level of technical knowledge and familiarity with the template code, which may be a barrier for some users.
The Cite news template is a citation style used on Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects to reference news articles. This template is part of a larger set of citation templates that are used to ensure consistency and accuracy in referencing sources across the encyclopedia. The use of such templates is crucial in maintaining the reliability and credibility of Wikipedia's content.
Usage
The Cite news template is used by adding Template loop detected: Template:Cite news in the text, followed by various parameters that provide details about the news source. These parameters include the author, title, newspaper, date, url, and access-date. The template is flexible and can accommodate a range of citation needs.
A stack of newspapersA stack of newspapers
Parameters
The Cite news template includes a number of parameters that can be used to provide detailed information about the source. These parameters are:
author: The name of the author or authors of the article.
title: The title of the article.
newspaper: The name of the newspaper or news website where the article was published.
date: The date the article was published.
url: The URL where the article can be found.
access-date: The date when the article was last accessed.
Each parameter is optional, but it is recommended to provide as much information as possible to allow readers to verify the source.
Examples
Here are some examples of how the Cite news template can be used:
The use of the Cite news template has several advantages. First, it ensures consistency in the citation style across different articles. This makes it easier for readers to understand the references and for editors to add or update them. Second, the template automatically generates links to the source, making it easier for readers to verify the information. Finally, the template helps to maintain the credibility and reliability of Wikipedia's content by encouraging the use of reliable sources.
Limitations
Despite its advantages, the Cite news template also has some limitations. For instance, it may not accommodate all types of news sources, such as broadcast news or news agencies. Additionally, the template requires the use of specific parameters, which may not always be available or applicable. Despite these limitations, the Cite news template remains a valuable tool for referencing news sources on Wikipedia.
A Cite Thesis Template is a standardized format used to properly cite a thesis or dissertation in academic and professional writing. It is an essential tool for scholars, researchers, and students to acknowledge the original sources of the ideas, theories, or data they have used in their own work. The template varies depending on the citation style guide being followed, such as APA, MLA, Chicago, or Harvard.
Importance of Citing a Thesis
Citing a thesis is crucial in academic writing for several reasons. Firstly, it gives credit to the original author for their intellectual property. Secondly, it allows readers to trace the source of the information, enhancing the credibility and reliability of the work. Lastly, it helps avoid plagiarism, a serious academic offense.
Components of a Thesis Citation
A thesis citation typically includes the following components:
Author's name
Title of the thesis
Year of publication
Institution awarding the degree
Description of the work as a thesis or dissertation
Name of the database or archive where the thesis can be found (if applicable)
URL or DOI (if applicable)
Citation Styles
Different citation styles have different formats for citing a thesis. Here are the formats for some of the most commonly used citation styles:
APA Style
In APA Style, a thesis citation should be formatted as follows:
Author's Last name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year). Title of thesis (Publication No. [Number]) [Degree type thesis, Name of Institution]. Name of Database or Archive.
MLA Style
In MLA Style, a thesis citation should be formatted as follows:
Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Thesis." Year, Degree type, Name of Institution, Location.
Chicago Style
In Chicago Style, a thesis citation should be formatted as follows:
Author's Last name, First name. Year. "Title of Thesis." Degree type thesis, Name of Institution.
Harvard Style
In Harvard Style, a thesis citation should be formatted as follows:
Author's Last name, First Initial(s). Year. 'Title of Thesis.' Degree type. Name of Institution.
Cite Thesis Template in Bibliographic Software
Many bibliographic software applications, such as EndNote, Zotero, and Mendeley, offer cite thesis templates in various citation styles. These applications can automatically generate citations and bibliographies, saving researchers considerable time and effort.
Conclusion
The Cite Thesis Template is an essential tool in academic writing, ensuring that theses and dissertations are properly acknowledged. By adhering to the specific format of the citation style guide, authors can enhance the credibility of their work, give due credit to original authors, and avoid plagiarism.
A stack of bound theses on a library shelf.A stack of bound theses on a library shelf., among others. Each of these templates has its own set of parameters that are tailored to the specific type of source they are designed to cite.
↑== Overview ==
The Cite web template is a citation style commonly used in Wikipedia articles to cite online sources. It is part of a larger family of citation templates that are used to accurately reference different types of sources in a consistent and structured manner. The Cite web template specifically caters to online sources, including websites, online articles, blogs, and other digital media.
Usage
The Cite web template is used by inserting the following code into the text of an article: {{Cite web |url= |title= |access-date= |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher= }}. Each of these parameters represents a different piece of information about the source being cited.
Screenshot of a filled out Cite web template in the editor of a Wikipedia article.Screenshot of a filled out Cite web template in the editor of a Wikipedia article.
Parameters
url: The URL of the online source. This should be the direct link to the source material, not a general website address.
title: The title of the online source. If the source does not have a formal title, a brief description can be used.
access-date: The date when the online source was last accessed. This is important as online content can change or be removed over time.
last and first: The last and first name of the author(s) of the online source. If there are multiple authors, additional parameters (last2, first2, etc.) can be used.
date: The date when the online source was published. If this is not available, the date of last update can be used.
website: The name of the website where the online source is located.
publisher: The entity that published the online source.
Importance
The Cite web template plays a crucial role in maintaining the reliability and credibility of Wikipedia. By providing a standardized format for citing online sources, it ensures that readers can verify the information presented in articles and trace it back to its original source. This is especially important in the digital age, where information is abundant and its authenticity can sometimes be questionable.
Variations
While the Cite web template is the most commonly used for online sources, there are several other citation templates available for different types of sources. These include == Overview ==
The Cite book template is a citation style commonly used in Wikipedia to reference books. It is a part of the larger family of citation templates that are used to accurately and consistently cite various types of sources. The template is designed to be comprehensive and detailed, allowing for the inclusion of a wide range of bibliographic information.
Usage
The Cite book template is used by inserting the following code into the text: Template loop detected: Template:Cite book. Each of these parameters corresponds to a specific piece of bibliographic information.
For instance, 'last' and 'first' refer to the last and first names of the book's author(s), 'date' refers to the publication date, 'title' is the title of the book, 'url' is the link to the online version of the book (if available), 'access-date' is the date when the online version was accessed, and 'publisher' is the name of the publishing company.
Parameters
The Cite book template includes a number of parameters, each of which corresponds to a specific piece of bibliographic information. These parameters are used to provide a detailed citation for the book being referenced.
A well-organized bookshelf with various types of books.A well-organized bookshelf with various types of books.
The following is a list of parameters used in the Cite book template:
last: The last name of the author(s).
first: The first name of the author(s).
date: The publication date of the book.
title: The title of the book.
url: The URL of the online version of the book (if available).
access-date: The date when the online version was accessed.
publisher: The name of the publishing company.
It's important to note that while these parameters are commonly used, they are not mandatory. The template is flexible and can accommodate a wide range of citation needs.
Variations
There are several variations of the Cite book template that can be used to accommodate different citation needs. These variations include:
Cite book |author-link=: This variation is used when the author of the book has a Wikipedia page. The 'author-link' parameter is used to create a hyperlink to the author's Wikipedia page.
Cite book |edition=: This variation is used to cite a specific edition of a book. The 'edition' parameter is used to specify the edition being cited.
Cite book |chapter=: This variation is used to cite a specific chapter of a book. The 'chapter' parameter is used to specify the chapter being cited.
A "Cite journal" template is a predefined format used in academic and scientific writing to provide a consistent method of citing sources from journal articles. The template is designed to ensure that all necessary information is included and presented in a standard format, making it easier for readers to locate the original source of the information. This template is widely used in Wikipedia and other online encyclopedias to maintain a high level of academic integrity and to adhere to the principles of citation and avoiding plagiarism.
Usage
The "Cite journal" template is used by inserting the template code into the text of an article at the point where the citation is required. The template code includes various fields that need to be filled in with the details of the journal article being cited. These fields include the author(s), title of the article, title of the journal, volume and issue number, publication date, page numbers, and DOI (Digital Object Identifier) if available.
A close-up view of a journal article citation in a bibliography. The citation includes the author's name, the title of the article, the name of the journal, the volume and issue number, the year of publication, and the page numbers.A close-up view of a journal article citation in a bibliography. The citation includes the author's name, the title of the article, the name of the journal, the volume and issue number, the year of publication, and the page numbers.
Fields
The "Cite journal" template includes several fields that are used to provide detailed information about the journal article being cited. These fields are:
Author: The name(s) of the author(s) of the journal article. This field is mandatory.
Title: The title of the journal article. This field is mandatory.
Journal: The name of the journal in which the article was published. This field is mandatory.
Volume: The volume number of the journal in which the article was published.
Issue: The issue number of the journal in which the article was published.
Pages: The page numbers of the article in the journal.
Year: The year in which the article was published. This field is mandatory.
DOI: The Digital Object Identifier of the article, if available. This is a unique alphanumeric string assigned to a digital object, such as a research report or a journal article, to provide a persistent link to its location on the internet.
Benefits
The use of the "Cite journal" template offers several benefits. It ensures that all necessary information about a source is included in a citation, which helps readers to locate the original source of the information. The template also provides a consistent format for citations, which makes it easier for readers to understand the citation and for editors to check the accuracy of the citation. Furthermore, the use of the template helps to maintain the credibility and integrity of the article by demonstrating that the information has been sourced from reputable and reliable sources.
Limitations
While the "Cite journal" template is a valuable tool for citing journal articles, it does have some limitations. The template may not be suitable for citing sources that are not journal articles, such as books, websites, or personal communications. In these cases, other citation templates may be more appropriate. Additionally, the template requires detailed information about the source, which may not always be readily available. Finally, the use of the template requires a certain level of technical knowledge and familiarity with the template code, which may be a barrier for some users.
The Cite news template is a citation style used on Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects to reference news articles. This template is part of a larger set of citation templates that are used to ensure consistency and accuracy in referencing sources across the encyclopedia. The use of such templates is crucial in maintaining the reliability and credibility of Wikipedia's content.
Usage
The Cite news template is used by adding Template loop detected: Template:Cite news in the text, followed by various parameters that provide details about the news source. These parameters include the author, title, newspaper, date, url, and access-date. The template is flexible and can accommodate a range of citation needs.
A stack of newspapersA stack of newspapers
Parameters
The Cite news template includes a number of parameters that can be used to provide detailed information about the source. These parameters are:
author: The name of the author or authors of the article.
title: The title of the article.
newspaper: The name of the newspaper or news website where the article was published.
date: The date the article was published.
url: The URL where the article can be found.
access-date: The date when the article was last accessed.
Each parameter is optional, but it is recommended to provide as much information as possible to allow readers to verify the source.
Examples
Here are some examples of how the Cite news template can be used:
The use of the Cite news template has several advantages. First, it ensures consistency in the citation style across different articles. This makes it easier for readers to understand the references and for editors to add or update them. Second, the template automatically generates links to the source, making it easier for readers to verify the information. Finally, the template helps to maintain the credibility and reliability of Wikipedia's content by encouraging the use of reliable sources.
Limitations
Despite its advantages, the Cite news template also has some limitations. For instance, it may not accommodate all types of news sources, such as broadcast news or news agencies. Additionally, the template requires the use of specific parameters, which may not always be available or applicable. Despite these limitations, the Cite news template remains a valuable tool for referencing news sources on Wikipedia.
A Cite Thesis Template is a standardized format used to properly cite a thesis or dissertation in academic and professional writing. It is an essential tool for scholars, researchers, and students to acknowledge the original sources of the ideas, theories, or data they have used in their own work. The template varies depending on the citation style guide being followed, such as APA, MLA, Chicago, or Harvard.
Importance of Citing a Thesis
Citing a thesis is crucial in academic writing for several reasons. Firstly, it gives credit to the original author for their intellectual property. Secondly, it allows readers to trace the source of the information, enhancing the credibility and reliability of the work. Lastly, it helps avoid plagiarism, a serious academic offense.
Components of a Thesis Citation
A thesis citation typically includes the following components:
Author's name
Title of the thesis
Year of publication
Institution awarding the degree
Description of the work as a thesis or dissertation
Name of the database or archive where the thesis can be found (if applicable)
URL or DOI (if applicable)
Citation Styles
Different citation styles have different formats for citing a thesis. Here are the formats for some of the most commonly used citation styles:
APA Style
In APA Style, a thesis citation should be formatted as follows:
Author's Last name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year). Title of thesis (Publication No. [Number]) [Degree type thesis, Name of Institution]. Name of Database or Archive.
MLA Style
In MLA Style, a thesis citation should be formatted as follows:
Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Thesis." Year, Degree type, Name of Institution, Location.
Chicago Style
In Chicago Style, a thesis citation should be formatted as follows:
Author's Last name, First name. Year. "Title of Thesis." Degree type thesis, Name of Institution.
Harvard Style
In Harvard Style, a thesis citation should be formatted as follows:
Author's Last name, First Initial(s). Year. 'Title of Thesis.' Degree type. Name of Institution.
Cite Thesis Template in Bibliographic Software
Many bibliographic software applications, such as EndNote, Zotero, and Mendeley, offer cite thesis templates in various citation styles. These applications can automatically generate citations and bibliographies, saving researchers considerable time and effort.
Conclusion
The Cite Thesis Template is an essential tool in academic writing, ensuring that theses and dissertations are properly acknowledged. By adhering to the specific format of the citation style guide, authors can enhance the credibility of their work, give due credit to original authors, and avoid plagiarism.
A stack of bound theses on a library shelf.A stack of bound theses on a library shelf., among others. Each of these templates has its own set of parameters that are tailored to the specific type of source they are designed to cite.
↑== Overview ==
The Cite web template is a citation style commonly used in Wikipedia articles to cite online sources. It is part of a larger family of citation templates that are used to accurately reference different types of sources in a consistent and structured manner. The Cite web template specifically caters to online sources, including websites, online articles, blogs, and other digital media.
Usage
The Cite web template is used by inserting the following code into the text of an article: {{Cite web |url= |title= |access-date= |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher= }}. Each of these parameters represents a different piece of information about the source being cited.
Screenshot of a filled out Cite web template in the editor of a Wikipedia article.Screenshot of a filled out Cite web template in the editor of a Wikipedia article.
Parameters
url: The URL of the online source. This should be the direct link to the source material, not a general website address.
title: The title of the online source. If the source does not have a formal title, a brief description can be used.
access-date: The date when the online source was last accessed. This is important as online content can change or be removed over time.
last and first: The last and first name of the author(s) of the online source. If there are multiple authors, additional parameters (last2, first2, etc.) can be used.
date: The date when the online source was published. If this is not available, the date of last update can be used.
website: The name of the website where the online source is located.
publisher: The entity that published the online source.
Importance
The Cite web template plays a crucial role in maintaining the reliability and credibility of Wikipedia. By providing a standardized format for citing online sources, it ensures that readers can verify the information presented in articles and trace it back to its original source. This is especially important in the digital age, where information is abundant and its authenticity can sometimes be questionable.
Variations
While the Cite web template is the most commonly used for online sources, there are several other citation templates available for different types of sources. These include == Overview ==
The Cite book template is a citation style commonly used in Wikipedia to reference books. It is a part of the larger family of citation templates that are used to accurately and consistently cite various types of sources. The template is designed to be comprehensive and detailed, allowing for the inclusion of a wide range of bibliographic information.
Usage
The Cite book template is used by inserting the following code into the text: Template loop detected: Template:Cite book. Each of these parameters corresponds to a specific piece of bibliographic information.
For instance, 'last' and 'first' refer to the last and first names of the book's author(s), 'date' refers to the publication date, 'title' is the title of the book, 'url' is the link to the online version of the book (if available), 'access-date' is the date when the online version was accessed, and 'publisher' is the name of the publishing company.
Parameters
The Cite book template includes a number of parameters, each of which corresponds to a specific piece of bibliographic information. These parameters are used to provide a detailed citation for the book being referenced.
A well-organized bookshelf with various types of books.A well-organized bookshelf with various types of books.
The following is a list of parameters used in the Cite book template:
last: The last name of the author(s).
first: The first name of the author(s).
date: The publication date of the book.
title: The title of the book.
url: The URL of the online version of the book (if available).
access-date: The date when the online version was accessed.
publisher: The name of the publishing company.
It's important to note that while these parameters are commonly used, they are not mandatory. The template is flexible and can accommodate a wide range of citation needs.
Variations
There are several variations of the Cite book template that can be used to accommodate different citation needs. These variations include:
Cite book |author-link=: This variation is used when the author of the book has a Wikipedia page. The 'author-link' parameter is used to create a hyperlink to the author's Wikipedia page.
Cite book |edition=: This variation is used to cite a specific edition of a book. The 'edition' parameter is used to specify the edition being cited.
Cite book |chapter=: This variation is used to cite a specific chapter of a book. The 'chapter' parameter is used to specify the chapter being cited.
A "Cite journal" template is a predefined format used in academic and scientific writing to provide a consistent method of citing sources from journal articles. The template is designed to ensure that all necessary information is included and presented in a standard format, making it easier for readers to locate the original source of the information. This template is widely used in Wikipedia and other online encyclopedias to maintain a high level of academic integrity and to adhere to the principles of citation and avoiding plagiarism.
Usage
The "Cite journal" template is used by inserting the template code into the text of an article at the point where the citation is required. The template code includes various fields that need to be filled in with the details of the journal article being cited. These fields include the author(s), title of the article, title of the journal, volume and issue number, publication date, page numbers, and DOI (Digital Object Identifier) if available.
A close-up view of a journal article citation in a bibliography. The citation includes the author's name, the title of the article, the name of the journal, the volume and issue number, the year of publication, and the page numbers.A close-up view of a journal article citation in a bibliography. The citation includes the author's name, the title of the article, the name of the journal, the volume and issue number, the year of publication, and the page numbers.
Fields
The "Cite journal" template includes several fields that are used to provide detailed information about the journal article being cited. These fields are:
Author: The name(s) of the author(s) of the journal article. This field is mandatory.
Title: The title of the journal article. This field is mandatory.
Journal: The name of the journal in which the article was published. This field is mandatory.
Volume: The volume number of the journal in which the article was published.
Issue: The issue number of the journal in which the article was published.
Pages: The page numbers of the article in the journal.
Year: The year in which the article was published. This field is mandatory.
DOI: The Digital Object Identifier of the article, if available. This is a unique alphanumeric string assigned to a digital object, such as a research report or a journal article, to provide a persistent link to its location on the internet.
Benefits
The use of the "Cite journal" template offers several benefits. It ensures that all necessary information about a source is included in a citation, which helps readers to locate the original source of the information. The template also provides a consistent format for citations, which makes it easier for readers to understand the citation and for editors to check the accuracy of the citation. Furthermore, the use of the template helps to maintain the credibility and integrity of the article by demonstrating that the information has been sourced from reputable and reliable sources.
Limitations
While the "Cite journal" template is a valuable tool for citing journal articles, it does have some limitations. The template may not be suitable for citing sources that are not journal articles, such as books, websites, or personal communications. In these cases, other citation templates may be more appropriate. Additionally, the template requires detailed information about the source, which may not always be readily available. Finally, the use of the template requires a certain level of technical knowledge and familiarity with the template code, which may be a barrier for some users.
The Cite news template is a citation style used on Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects to reference news articles. This template is part of a larger set of citation templates that are used to ensure consistency and accuracy in referencing sources across the encyclopedia. The use of such templates is crucial in maintaining the reliability and credibility of Wikipedia's content.
Usage
The Cite news template is used by adding Template loop detected: Template:Cite news in the text, followed by various parameters that provide details about the news source. These parameters include the author, title, newspaper, date, url, and access-date. The template is flexible and can accommodate a range of citation needs.
A stack of newspapersA stack of newspapers
Parameters
The Cite news template includes a number of parameters that can be used to provide detailed information about the source. These parameters are:
author: The name of the author or authors of the article.
title: The title of the article.
newspaper: The name of the newspaper or news website where the article was published.
date: The date the article was published.
url: The URL where the article can be found.
access-date: The date when the article was last accessed.
Each parameter is optional, but it is recommended to provide as much information as possible to allow readers to verify the source.
Examples
Here are some examples of how the Cite news template can be used:
The use of the Cite news template has several advantages. First, it ensures consistency in the citation style across different articles. This makes it easier for readers to understand the references and for editors to add or update them. Second, the template automatically generates links to the source, making it easier for readers to verify the information. Finally, the template helps to maintain the credibility and reliability of Wikipedia's content by encouraging the use of reliable sources.
Limitations
Despite its advantages, the Cite news template also has some limitations. For instance, it may not accommodate all types of news sources, such as broadcast news or news agencies. Additionally, the template requires the use of specific parameters, which may not always be available or applicable. Despite these limitations, the Cite news template remains a valuable tool for referencing news sources on Wikipedia.
A Cite Thesis Template is a standardized format used to properly cite a thesis or dissertation in academic and professional writing. It is an essential tool for scholars, researchers, and students to acknowledge the original sources of the ideas, theories, or data they have used in their own work. The template varies depending on the citation style guide being followed, such as APA, MLA, Chicago, or Harvard.
Importance of Citing a Thesis
Citing a thesis is crucial in academic writing for several reasons. Firstly, it gives credit to the original author for their intellectual property. Secondly, it allows readers to trace the source of the information, enhancing the credibility and reliability of the work. Lastly, it helps avoid plagiarism, a serious academic offense.
Components of a Thesis Citation
A thesis citation typically includes the following components:
Author's name
Title of the thesis
Year of publication
Institution awarding the degree
Description of the work as a thesis or dissertation
Name of the database or archive where the thesis can be found (if applicable)
URL or DOI (if applicable)
Citation Styles
Different citation styles have different formats for citing a thesis. Here are the formats for some of the most commonly used citation styles:
APA Style
In APA Style, a thesis citation should be formatted as follows:
Author's Last name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year). Title of thesis (Publication No. [Number]) [Degree type thesis, Name of Institution]. Name of Database or Archive.
MLA Style
In MLA Style, a thesis citation should be formatted as follows:
Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Thesis." Year, Degree type, Name of Institution, Location.
Chicago Style
In Chicago Style, a thesis citation should be formatted as follows:
Author's Last name, First name. Year. "Title of Thesis." Degree type thesis, Name of Institution.
Harvard Style
In Harvard Style, a thesis citation should be formatted as follows:
Author's Last name, First Initial(s). Year. 'Title of Thesis.' Degree type. Name of Institution.
Cite Thesis Template in Bibliographic Software
Many bibliographic software applications, such as EndNote, Zotero, and Mendeley, offer cite thesis templates in various citation styles. These applications can automatically generate citations and bibliographies, saving researchers considerable time and effort.
Conclusion
The Cite Thesis Template is an essential tool in academic writing, ensuring that theses and dissertations are properly acknowledged. By adhering to the specific format of the citation style guide, authors can enhance the credibility of their work, give due credit to original authors, and avoid plagiarism.
A stack of bound theses on a library shelf.A stack of bound theses on a library shelf., among others. Each of these templates has its own set of parameters that are tailored to the specific type of source they are designed to cite.
