FitzGerald dynasty
Origins
The FitzGerald dynasty is a Hiberno-Norman or Cambro-Norman noble family. They have been peers of Ireland since at least the 14th century and are described as 'more Irish than the Irish themselves' due to their assimilation into Gaelic culture. The family was founded by Gerald FitzWalter of Windsor, a Norman castellan in Wales.
Arrival in Ireland
The FitzGerald dynasty's involvement in Ireland began with the Norman conquest of Ireland in 1169. Gerald FitzWalter of Windsor's son, Maurice FitzGerald, was one of the leading figures in this invasion. The invasion was a pivotal moment in Irish history, marking the beginning of more than 700 years of direct English and, later, British involvement in Ireland.
Establishment and Expansion
Following the successful invasion, the FitzGerald family was granted extensive lands in Ireland. Over the centuries, they expanded their holdings through strategic marriages and political alliances. They established themselves as one of the most powerful families in Ireland, producing several branches, including the Earls of Kildare and the Earls of Desmond.
Earls of Kildare
The title of Earl of Kildare was first created in the 14th century for John FitzGerald. The Earls of Kildare were central figures in Irish politics, holding the position of Lord Deputy of Ireland several times. The 9th Earl of Kildare, Gerald 'the Wizard' Earl, was a particularly notable figure, known for his political acumen and for the folklore surrounding his supposed magical abilities.
Earls of Desmond
The Earl of Desmond title was created for Maurice FitzGerald in 1329. The Earls of Desmond ruled over a significant portion of Munster, and were often in conflict with the English crown and other Irish lords. The Desmond Rebellions in the late 16th century marked a significant challenge to English authority in Ireland.
Later History and Legacy
The FitzGerald dynasty's influence waned in the late 16th and 17th centuries due to their involvement in the Desmond Rebellions and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. However, they remained a significant family, with some members continuing to hold titles and lands in Ireland. The FitzGerald dynasty has left a lasting legacy in Ireland, with many places and institutions bearing their name.