Fez
History
The city of Fez is one of the oldest cities in Morocco, founded in the 8th century AD by Idris ibn Abdallah. The city's history is rich and complex, marked by periods of both prosperity and decline, and influenced by a variety of cultures and civilizations.
Fez was initially divided into two settlements, Madinat Fas and Al-'Aliya. These were later united by the Almoravids in the 11th century, forming the basis of the city as we know it today. The city flourished under the Almoravids, becoming a center of Islamic learning and culture. The University of Al-Qarawiyyin, established in Fez in 859 AD, is considered the oldest existing, continually operating and the first degree-awarding educational institution in the world.
Architecture
Fez is renowned for its Islamic architecture, with numerous mosques, madrasas, and palaces that date back to the medieval period. The city's architecture is characterized by intricate tile work, carved wood, and ornamental plaster, reflecting the artistic traditions of the Maghreb region and the wider Islamic world.
The Medina of Fez, or Fes el Bali, is the oldest and most historic part of the city. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, known for its labyrinthine streets, bustling souks, and historic buildings. The Medina is home to the Qarawiyyin Mosque and University, the Zaouia of Moulay Idriss II, and the Al-Attarine Madrasa, among other significant structures.
Culture
Fez is a cultural and spiritual center of Morocco. The city has a rich tradition of music, literature, and art, and hosts several cultural festivals throughout the year, including the Fez Festival of World Sacred Music and the Fez Festival of Sufi Culture.
The city is also known for its traditional crafts, including pottery, leatherwork, and metalwork. The tanneries of Fez, where leather is dyed using traditional methods, are a popular tourist attraction.
Economy
Fez's economy is a mix of traditional and modern industries. The city is known for its artisanal crafts, particularly its leather goods, which are produced in the historic tanneries. Fez is also a center for the production of traditional Moroccan carpets and textiles.
In recent years, Fez has seen significant development in sectors such as tourism, real estate, and information technology. The city is home to the Fez-Meknes economic region, one of the major economic regions in Morocco.