European Commission
Overview
The European Commission is the executive branch of the European Union, responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU. Comprising 27 members, one from each member state, the Commission operates as a cabinet government, with decisions taken collectively.
History
The European Commission was established in 1958, following the signing of the Treaty of Rome. The first Commission was led by Walter Hallstein, who served as its President from 1958 to 1967. The Commission's role has evolved over time, with an increasing emphasis on policy areas such as competition, environment, and consumer protection.
Structure and Function
The European Commission is divided into departments known as Directorates-General (DGs), each responsible for a specific policy area. The DGs draft proposals for new European laws, which are then presented to the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union for approval.
The Commission is led by a President, who is proposed by the European Council and elected by the European Parliament. The President sets the policy agenda for the Commission and represents it in the EU and internationally. The current President is Ursula von der Leyen, who took office in December 2019.
Role in the EU
As the executive branch of the EU, the European Commission plays a key role in the functioning of the Union. It is responsible for proposing new legislation, implementing decisions, and ensuring the enforcement of EU laws. The Commission also represents the EU in international negotiations, such as trade agreements, and manages the EU's budget.
Criticisms and Controversies
The European Commission has faced criticism for its perceived lack of transparency and democratic accountability. Critics argue that the Commission's decision-making process is opaque, with decisions often taken behind closed doors. There have also been concerns about the influence of lobbyists on the Commission's policy-making.
Future Challenges
The European Commission faces several challenges in the coming years, including managing the aftermath of Brexit, addressing the climate crisis, and dealing with the economic fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic. The Commission's ability to navigate these challenges will be crucial for the future of the EU.