Endocardium
Anatomy
The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart. Its cells are embryologically and biologically similar to the endothelial cells that line blood vessels. The endocardium also provides a smooth surface for the flow of blood within the heart's chambers.
Structure
The endocardium is composed of a layer of simple squamous endothelial cells and an underlying layer of less dense connective tissue. The endothelial cells form a smooth surface that minimizes friction as blood flows through the heart. The connective tissue layer provides structural support and anchors the endothelial cells in place.
Function
The primary function of the endocardium is to provide a smooth lining for the heart's chambers and valves, facilitating efficient blood flow. Additionally, the endocardium plays a role in the regulation of the heart's contractile function and in the maintenance of heart valve integrity.
Clinical Significance
Diseases of the endocardium can have serious health consequences. Endocarditis, an inflammation of the endocardium, is a common condition that can lead to heart failure if not treated promptly. Other endocardial diseases include endomyocardial fibrosis and endocardial fibroelastosis.