Emotion-focused therapy

Overview

Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) is a therapeutic approach grounded in the premise that emotions are key to identity. It posits that emotions guide individuals in their decision-making and behavior, and that a lack of emotional awareness or avoidance of emotions can lead to psychological distress. EFT is an evidence-based approach that has been found effective in the treatment of depression, trauma, and relationship distress, among other issues.

History

Emotion-focused therapy was developed in the 1980s by Leslie Greenberg and Robert Elliott. The therapy was influenced by the humanistic and experiential psychotherapies of the 1960s and 1970s, including Carl Rogers' person-centered therapy and Fritz Perls' Gestalt therapy. EFT integrates elements of these therapies with findings from contemporary emotion research.

Theoretical Foundations

EFT is grounded in an experiential and humanistic philosophy that views people as inherently capable of growth and change. It is based on the premise that emotions are fundamentally adaptive and that they can change in response to new experiences. EFT posits that emotional change is key to enduring change in cognition and behavior.

EFT draws on the attachment theory to understand the emotional bonds between individuals. It uses this understanding to address interpersonal problems and enhance relationship satisfaction.

Techniques and Interventions

EFT uses a variety of techniques to help individuals become more aware of their emotions, accept and express their emotions, and transform maladaptive emotions. These techniques include:

Empathic exploration: The therapist provides a safe and supportive environment for the client to explore their emotions.
Experiential focusing: The client is guided to focus on their present emotional experience and to explore and make sense of this experience.
Emotion coaching: The therapist helps the client to accept, express, and manage their emotions.
Emotion transformation: The therapist helps the client to transform maladaptive emotions into adaptive ones.

A therapist and a client engaged in a session of emotion-focused therapy.

Efficacy

Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of EFT. It has been found to be effective in the treatment of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, and relationship distress. EFT has also been found to lead to improvements in emotional regulation, interpersonal functioning, and well-being.

Training and Certification

Training in EFT involves both theoretical learning and practical skill development. It typically includes workshops, supervision, and personal therapy. Certification in EFT is offered by the International Society for Emotion-Focused Therapy (ISEFT).

Criticisms and Controversies

While EFT has been found to be effective in numerous studies, it has also been criticized on several grounds. Some critics argue that it lacks a comprehensive and coherent theory of emotion. Others argue that it places too much emphasis on emotion, to the neglect of other important factors such as cognition and behavior.