Eczema
Definition and Overview
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by itchy, red, and dry skin due to inflammation. It is a common skin condition and can occur in individuals of any age but is particularly prevalent among children. Eczema is not contagious, but it is a lifelong condition that can significantly impact the quality of life of affected individuals.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of eczema is unknown, but it is believed to be linked to an overactive immune system response to irritants. It is often found in families with a history of other allergies or asthma, suggesting a genetic component. Certain substances or conditions, such as soaps, detergents, stress, and changes in weather, can trigger a flare-up of eczema.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of eczema is pruritus, or itchiness. Other symptoms include red or brownish-gray patches, small raised bumps that may leak fluid when scratched, thickened or cracked skin, and raw, sensitive skin from scratching. The distribution of eczema can vary with age. In infants, eczema typically occurs on the face, scalp, and extensor surfaces of the limbs. In children and adults, eczema tends to occur on the flexor surfaces, such as the folds of the elbows or knees.
Diagnosis
Eczema is typically diagnosed based on a physical examination and review of patient history. In some cases, a dermatologist may perform a skin biopsy or patch testing to rule out other conditions that may mimic eczema, such as psoriasis or contact dermatitis.
Treatment
While there is no cure for eczema, treatments aim to reduce symptoms and prevent flare-ups. Treatments may include over-the-counter remedies, prescription topical medications, phototherapy, and immunosuppressants. In addition, lifestyle changes, such as frequent moisturizing, avoiding triggers, and implementing a bathing routine, can help manage symptoms.
Living with Eczema
Living with eczema can be challenging, but with the right treatment and management strategies, individuals with eczema can lead healthy, active lives. It is important for individuals with eczema to understand their triggers and implement strategies to avoid them. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is also crucial to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as necessary.