Doxycycline
Introduction
Doxycycline is an antibiotic that is part of the tetracycline class. It is used in the treatment of a number of types of infections caused by bacteria and protozoa. This includes chlamydia infections, syphilis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and acne. It is also used to prevent malaria and in combination with quinine, is used for malaria treatment when severe.
Pharmacology
Doxycycline, like other tetracyclines, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, meaning it can be used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of proteins that bacteria need to survive and reproduce. Specifically, it binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing the amino-acyl tRNA from attaching to the A site of the ribosome. This results in an inability to synthesize proteins essential to the bacteria's survival, effectively killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth.
Medical Uses
Doxycycline is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. These include infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin; anthrax; cholera; and certain sexually transmitted infections. It is also used to treat acne and rosacea, and to prevent malaria in individuals traveling to areas where the disease is common.
Side Effects
Like all medications, doxycycline can cause side effects. Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, indigestion, and a risk of sunburn due to photosensitivity. More serious side effects can include severe headache, vision changes, and severe stomach pain. It is important to discuss these potential side effects with a healthcare provider before starting treatment with doxycycline.
Interactions
Doxycycline can interact with other medications, which can affect how it works or increase the risk of serious side effects. These include antacids, products containing iron or calcium, and certain laxatives. It can also interact with certain other antibiotics, anticoagulants, and medications used to treat acne.