Domenico Fontana
Early Life and Education
Domenico Fontana was born in 1543 in the small town of Melnik, in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland. He was the son of a stonemason and, following in his father's footsteps, he began his career in the same trade. His early education was likely limited, as was common for children of his social class during the 16th century.
Career in Rome
In 1563, Fontana moved to Rome, where he worked under the guidance of his fellow Ticinese, architect Giacomo della Porta. He quickly gained recognition for his skills, and in 1585, he was appointed as the chief architect of St. Peter's Basilica by Pope Sixtus V. His first major project was the completion of the dome of St. Peter's Basilica, which had been left unfinished after the death of Michelangelo.
Architectural Works
Fontana's architectural works are characterized by their grand scale and ambitious design. His most famous works include the Lateran Palace, the Vatican Library, and the Quirinal Palace. He also designed the Santa Maria Maggiore Basilica and the San Giovanni in Laterano Basilica, both of which are considered masterpieces of Baroque architecture.
Engineering Achievements
In addition to his architectural works, Fontana was also a skilled engineer. His most notable engineering achievement was the transportation and erection of the Vatican Obelisk in St. Peter's Square, a task that involved moving a 327-ton obelisk over a distance of about 275 meters. This feat was accomplished using a complex system of pulleys and a large workforce.
Later Life and Death
Fontana continued to work on various projects until his death in 1607. He was succeeded by his nephew, Carlo Maderno, who continued his uncle's work on St. Peter's Basilica.
Legacy
Fontana's influence on architecture and engineering can still be seen today. His works are considered some of the most important examples of Baroque architecture, and his innovative techniques for moving large structures have been studied and replicated by engineers around the world.