Dmitry Mendeleev
Early Life and Education
Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev was born on February 8, 1834, in the small Siberian town of Tobolsk. Mendeleev was the youngest of 14 children born to Ivan Pavlovich and Maria Dmitrievna Mendeleeva. His father was a teacher of fine arts, politics, and philosophy. Unfortunately, Ivan died when Dmitry was still very young, leaving the family in financial turmoil. His mother then took over the management of the glass factory her family owned, but it was destroyed in a fire in 1848.
Despite the family's financial hardships, Maria was determined to give her son a good education. After the death of her husband, she took Mendeleev across Russia to St. Petersburg, where he entered the Main Pedagogical Institute in 1850. Mendeleev's early education was in music, gymnasium, and a grammar school, where he learned science.
Career and Achievements
After graduating, Mendeleev worked as a science teacher in Simferopol and Odessa. In 1856, he returned to St. Petersburg to earn his Master's degree. He started teaching at the Saint Petersburg Technological Institute and the Saint Petersburg State University in 1863. Mendeleev is best known for formulating the Periodic Law and creating a farsighted version of the periodic table of elements. This table, first published in 1869, was instrumental in the development of chemistry as a science.
In addition to his work in chemistry, Mendeleev made significant contributions to other areas of science and technology. He researched the hydrodynamics of volatile solutions, predicted the properties of elements yet to be discovered, and studied the expansion of liquids with heat. He also investigated the nature of petroleum, and helped to found the oil industry in Russia.
Periodic Table
Mendeleev's most significant achievement was the development of the Periodic Table. He noticed that, when arranged by atomic weight, the chemical elements lined up to form groups with similar properties. He was able to use this method to correct the properties of some already discovered elements and also predict the properties of eight elements yet to be discovered.
Mendeleev's table provided a new and useful tool in the field of chemistry. It allowed scientists to understand the relationships between various elements, predict the properties of new elements, and thus contribute to the advancement of chemistry as a science.
Later Life and Legacy
In his later years, Mendeleev focused more on social and economic issues. He served as the Director of the Bureau of Weights and Measures, and was a vocal advocate for the metric system. He also proposed improvements to the Russian tax system and contributed to the development of the Russian oil industry.
Mendeleev passed away on February 2, 1907, in St. Petersburg, Russia. His contributions to chemistry and the scientific community as a whole have been widely recognized. His Periodic Law has been used to predict the properties of new elements and his version of the Periodic Table is still widely used today. Mendeleev's work has had a profound impact on the scientific world, and his legacy continues to influence the field of chemistry.