Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
Introduction
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a military decoration of the United States Army, awarded for extraordinary heroism in combat. It is the second-highest military award that can be given to a member of the United States Army, surpassed only by the Medal of Honor. The DSC is awarded to soldiers who distinguish themselves by extraordinary heroism not justifying the award of the Medal of Honor. This decoration is a testament to acts of valor and bravery in the face of an armed enemy, reflecting the highest standards of military service.
History
The Distinguished Service Cross was established by President Woodrow Wilson through Executive Order 3070 on January 2, 1918, and later confirmed by Congress on July 9, 1918. The creation of the DSC was part of a broader effort to recognize acts of heroism and gallantry during World War I. Prior to its establishment, the Medal of Honor was the only decoration available for recognizing acts of valor in combat, which led to the need for an additional award to acknowledge extraordinary heroism that did not meet the criteria for the Medal of Honor.
Criteria and Eligibility
The Distinguished Service Cross is awarded for extraordinary heroism while engaged in action against an enemy of the United States. The act or acts of heroism must be so notable and involve risk of life so extraordinary as to set the individual apart from their comrades. The DSC can be awarded to any person serving in any capacity with the U.S. Army, including members of the Army National Guard and Army Reserve, provided the act of heroism was performed while serving in an official capacity.
Design and Symbolism
The Distinguished Service Cross is a bronze cross pattee, 2 inches in height and 1.75 inches in width. The center of the cross features an eagle, with outstretched wings, symbolizing the United States. The eagle is surrounded by a wreath of laurel, representing victory and achievement. The reverse side of the cross is inscribed with the words "For Valor" and includes a space for the recipient's name. The cross is suspended from a ribbon that is predominantly blue with a white and red stripe on each edge, representing the national colors.
Notable Recipients
Over the years, the Distinguished Service Cross has been awarded to numerous soldiers for acts of extraordinary heroism. Some notable recipients include:
- Alvin C. York, a World War I hero who received the DSC for his actions during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. - Audie Murphy, one of the most decorated American combat soldiers of World War II, who received the DSC for his actions in France. - David Hackworth, a highly decorated soldier and military journalist, awarded the DSC for his service during the Korean and Vietnam Wars.
Award Process
The process for awarding the Distinguished Service Cross involves a thorough review and recommendation process. Recommendations for the DSC are typically initiated by the soldier's commanding officer and must be supported by eyewitness statements and a detailed account of the act of heroism. The recommendation is then reviewed by higher command levels and ultimately approved by the Secretary of the Army. The rigorous process ensures that the award is reserved for truly extraordinary acts of heroism.
Comparison with Other Awards
The Distinguished Service Cross is often compared to other military awards, such as the Navy Cross and the Air Force Cross, which are the equivalents awarded by the United States Navy and Air Force, respectively. While the criteria for these awards are similar, each branch of the military maintains its own standards and processes for awarding decorations. The DSC is unique to the Army and reflects the specific traditions and values of the Army's service members.
Cultural and Historical Impact
The Distinguished Service Cross holds a significant place in American military history and culture. It serves as a symbol of the bravery and sacrifice of soldiers who have gone above and beyond the call of duty. The stories of DSC recipients are often shared as examples of courage and dedication, inspiring future generations of soldiers and civilians alike. The decoration also plays a role in military ceremonies and traditions, reinforcing the values of honor and valor.