Cycling
History
Cycling, also known as bicycling or biking, is the use of bicycles for transport, recreation, exercise or sport. The history of cycling traces back to the 19th century when the first bicycles were introduced. The first machine to be called a bicycle was the penny-farthing, also known as the "high wheel", which was invented in 1871 by British engineer James Starley. The penny-farthing was a dangerous machine, as it was prone to accidents due to its high center of gravity.
Types of Bicycles
There are several different types of bicycles, each designed for a specific style of cycling. The main types include road bicycles, which are used for traveling at speed on paved roads; mountain bikes, which are designed for off-road use; hybrids, which combine the characteristics of both road and mountain bikes; and cruisers, which are generally used for leisurely riding on paved paths or roads.
Cycling as a Sport
Cycling has been a part of the Olympic program since the modern Games were first held in 1896. The sport is governed by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), which oversees international competitive cycling events. The most famous cycling race is the Tour de France, a multi-stage race held annually in France, which attracts competitors from around the world.
Health Benefits of Cycling
Cycling is widely regarded as a very effective and efficient mode of transportation optimal for short to moderate distances. Bicycles provide numerous benefits by comparison with motor vehicles, including the provision of exercise, easier parking, and access to roads, bike paths and rural trails. Cycling also offers a reduced consumption of fossil fuels, less air or noise pollution, much reduced traffic congestion, easier parking, greater maneuverability, and access to both roads and paths.
Safety and Hazards
While cycling can be a safe and effective form of exercise and transportation, there are also risks involved. These include traffic accidents, falls, injuries from road hazards, and adverse health effects from excessive exercise. To mitigate these risks, cyclists are advised to wear protective gear, including helmets and high-visibility clothing, follow traffic laws, and maintain their bicycles in good working order.