Cognitive Stage of Learning
Introduction
Cognitive stage of learning, also known as the cognitive phase, is the initial stage in the three stages of motor learning proposed by Paul Fitts and Michael Posner. This stage is characterized by the learner's attempt to understand the task requirements and develop a mental image of the task. The cognitive stage is often associated with high levels of errors and inconsistency, as the learner is still trying to figure out what works and what doesn’t.
Characteristics of the Cognitive Stage
During the cognitive stage of learning, the learner is primarily focused on understanding the task requirements and developing a mental representation of the task. This involves a lot of trial and error as the learner experiments with different strategies and techniques. The learner's performance during this stage is often marked by high levels of errors and inconsistency. However, rapid improvements in performance can also be observed as the learner begins to understand the task requirements.
Role of Instruction and Feedback
In the cognitive stage of learning, instruction and feedback play a crucial role. The learner relies heavily on external feedback, such as instructions from a coach or teacher, to understand the task requirements and correct errors. This feedback helps the learner develop a mental image of the task and understand the correct technique. As the learner progresses through the cognitive stage, they begin to rely less on external feedback and more on internal feedback, or the feedback they receive from their own body about their performance.
Transition to the Associative Stage
The transition from the cognitive to the associative stage of learning is marked by a decrease in errors and an increase in consistency. The learner begins to refine their technique and performance becomes more automatic. This transition is often gradual and may take several practice sessions. The learner may also oscillate between the cognitive and associative stages as they learn different aspects of the task.
Importance of the Cognitive Stage
The cognitive stage of learning is crucial for the development of motor skills. It is during this stage that the learner develops a mental image of the task and begins to understand the task requirements. This understanding forms the foundation for the development of the skill. Without a clear understanding of the task, the learner may struggle to improve their performance and may develop incorrect or inefficient techniques.
Challenges in the Cognitive Stage
The cognitive stage of learning can be challenging for many learners. The high levels of errors and inconsistency can be frustrating, and the learner may struggle to understand the task requirements. However, with appropriate instruction and feedback, the learner can overcome these challenges and progress to the next stage of learning.