Code golf

Overview

Code golf is a type of programming competition where participants strive to achieve the shortest possible source code that implements a specified algorithm. These competitions are known for their emphasis on code brevity over readability, maintainability, or efficiency. Code golf challenges often require a deep understanding of the chosen programming language and its intricacies, as well as creative problem-solving skills.

A computer screen displaying a code golf challenge and a keyboard.

History

The term "code golf" was first used in 1999 on the Perl Usenet group, comp.lang.perl.misc, in a post by Antony Suter. The concept, however, predates the term, with early examples of code golf-like challenges appearing in the 1980s in the form of obfuscated code contests.

Objective

The primary objective of code golf is to solve a given problem using the fewest bytes of source code possible. This often involves exploiting the syntax and features of the chosen programming language to minimize code length. The focus on brevity often results in code that is difficult to read and understand, contrasting with typical programming practices that prioritize readability and maintainability.

Languages

Certain programming languages are more suited to code golf than others due to their syntax and feature set. Languages such as GolfScript, J, and APL are often used in code golf due to their terse syntax and powerful built-in functions. Other popular languages include Python, Ruby, and JavaScript, which, while not as terse as the aforementioned languages, offer flexibility and a wide range of built-in functions.

Strategies

Strategies in code golf often involve exploiting language features and quirks to reduce code length. This can include using shorter variable names, removing whitespace, using less common operators or functions, and leveraging language-specific shortcuts. In some cases, golfers may even use esoteric programming languages specifically designed for code golf.

Competitions

Code golf competitions are held both online and in-person, with challenges ranging from simple mathematical problems to more complex algorithmic tasks. Notable online platforms for code golf include Code Golf Stack Exchange, Anarchy Golf, and GolfScript.com. In-person competitions often take place at programming conferences or as part of larger coding competitions.

Criticisms

While code golf is often seen as a fun and challenging exercise, it has been criticized for promoting bad programming habits. The emphasis on code brevity over readability and maintainability can lead to code that is difficult to understand and maintain. Additionally, the focus on exploiting language quirks and shortcuts can result in code that is not portable or robust.