Clarendon Code
Introduction
The Clarendon Code refers to a series of four legislative enactments passed in England during the 1660s. These laws were designed to strengthen the position of the re-established Anglican Church following the Restoration of the monarchy under King Charles II. The Clarendon Code is named after Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, who served as Charles II's chief advisor during the early years of his reign.
Historical Context
The Clarendon Code was enacted in a period of significant religious and political upheaval in England. The Restoration in 1660 marked the end of the Interregnum and the Commonwealth period, during which the monarchy had been abolished and England was governed as a republic under Oliver Cromwell. The Restoration saw the return of the monarchy and the re-establishment of the Anglican Church as the state church of England.
Components of the Clarendon Code
The Clarendon Code consists of four acts: the Corporation Act (1661), the Act of Uniformity (1662), the Conventicle Act (1664), and the Five Mile Act (1665). Each of these acts was designed to suppress dissent from the doctrines and practices of the Anglican Church.
Corporation Act (1661)
The Corporation Act required all municipal officials to take Anglican communion, swear an oath of allegiance, and reject the Solemn League and Covenant. This effectively barred non-Anglicans from holding public office.
Act of Uniformity (1662)
The Act of Uniformity required all clergy to use only the Book of Common Prayer in their services. It also required them to accept the doctrine of passive obedience and the principle of non-resistance to royal authority. This act led to the ejection of over 2,000 clergy who refused to comply with its terms.
Conventicle Act (1664)
The Conventicle Act prohibited religious assemblies of more than five people outside the auspices of the Church of England. This act was primarily aimed at suppressing non-conformist religious meetings.
Five Mile Act (1665)
The Five Mile Act prohibited non-conforming ministers from living within five miles of a corporate town or any place where they had previously ministered unless they swore an oath of non-resistance. This act effectively forced many non-conforming ministers into exile from their homes and congregations.
Impact and Legacy
The Clarendon Code had a profound impact on religious life in England. It effectively marginalized non-conformist religious groups and consolidated the power of the Anglican Church. However, it also led to significant resistance and contributed to the growth of dissenting religious movements. The Clarendon Code was eventually repealed in the 19th century, but its legacy continues to shape the relationship between church and state in England.