Chromosome 13
Overview
Chromosome 13 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Humans normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 13 spans about 114 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 3.5 and 4% of the total DNA in cells.
Genes on Chromosome 13
Chromosome 13 contains several genes that code for proteins. These include the BRCA2 gene, which is associated with breast cancer susceptibility, and the RB1 gene, which is associated with retinoblastoma, a rare form of eye cancer. Other genes on this chromosome are involved in various biological processes such as cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and protein folding.
Diseases and Disorders
Mutations or alterations in the genes located on Chromosome 13 can lead to various genetic disorders. For instance, mutations in the BRCA2 gene can increase the risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. Similarly, mutations in the RB1 gene can cause retinoblastoma.
Chromosome 13 and Cancer
Several types of cancer have been linked to mutations in the genes located on Chromosome 13. These include breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and retinoblastoma. In addition, certain types of leukemia and lymphoma have also been associated with abnormalities in Chromosome 13.
Research on Chromosome 13
Research on Chromosome 13 has led to significant advancements in understanding the genetic basis of various diseases and disorders. This research has also contributed to the development of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for these conditions.