Chandra X-ray Observatory
Overview
The Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO), previously known as the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF), is a space observatory launched by NASA on July 23, 1999. It was named after the Nobel Prize-winning astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. The observatory is designed to detect X-ray emission from very hot regions of the Universe such as exploded stars, clusters of galaxies, and matter around black holes.
Mission and Goals
The primary mission of the Chandra X-ray Observatory is to observe X-rays from high-energy regions of the universe. The observatory has contributed to a wide range of scientific discoveries, including providing evidence for the existence of dark matter, observing the aftermath of supernovae, and studying the regions around black holes.
Design and Development
The Chandra X-ray Observatory was developed for NASA by the TRW (now Northrop Grumman) company. It is 13.8 meters long and weighs 4,790 kilograms. The observatory's design includes two sets of nested, grazing incidence mirrors and an aspect camera to help position the mirrors accurately. The mirrors are made of iridium and are the smoothest ever created, with a surface accuracy of better than 50 nanometers.
Scientific Instruments
The Chandra X-ray Observatory carries four very sensitive instruments that are capable of creating images and spectra of celestial X-ray sources, and have made possible numerous significant scientific discoveries. These instruments include the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS), the High Resolution Camera (HRC), the High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (HETGS), and the Low Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (LETGS).
Discoveries and Observations
Since its launch, the Chandra X-ray Observatory has made numerous significant observations and discoveries. These include detailed studies of supernova remnants, observations of the region around the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy, and providing evidence for the existence of dark matter.
Future Prospects
As of now, the Chandra X-ray Observatory continues to function and provide valuable data. NASA has extended its mission multiple times, and current plans are for the observatory to continue operations until at least 2024.