Caucasian black grouse
Description
The Caucasian black grouse (Tetrao mlokosiewiczi) is a large bird in the grouse family, native to the Caucasus Mountains. It is closely related to the black grouse (Tetrao tetrix), but is distinguished by its larger size and more robust build. The species is named after the Polish naturalist Ludwik Mlokosiewicz, who first described it.
Taxonomy and Evolution
The Caucasian black grouse is a member of the grouse family (Tetraonidae), which includes other large, ground-dwelling birds such as the capercaillie and the ptarmigan. It is classified in the genus Tetrao, which also includes the closely related black grouse and the western capercaillie. The species was first described by Polish naturalist Ludwik Mlokosiewicz in 1875.
Distribution and Habitat
The Caucasian black grouse is endemic to the Caucasus Mountains, a region that spans several countries including Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. It inhabits alpine meadows and forests, typically at elevations between 1,500 and 3,000 meters.
Behaviour and Ecology
The Caucasian black grouse is a sedentary species, remaining in its high-altitude habitat year-round. It is primarily active at dawn and dusk, feeding on a diet of leaves, buds, berries, and insects. During the breeding season, males perform a distinctive courtship display, known as a lek, to attract females.
Conservation Status
The Caucasian black grouse is currently classified as Near Threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The main threats to the species are habitat loss due to deforestation and overgrazing, and hunting.