Capri
Geography and Geology
Capri is an island located in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the Sorrentine Peninsula, on the south side of the Gulf of Naples in the Campania region of Italy. The island is renowned for its rugged landscape, upscale hotels, and shopping, from designer fashions to limoncello and handmade leather sandals. It has been a resort since the time of the Roman Republic.
The island is composed of two municipalities: Capri and Anacapri. The island's topography is characterized by steep cliffs, caves, and a mountainous interior. The highest point on Capri is Monte Solaro, which rises to 589 meters above sea level. The island's geology is primarily limestone, which has been shaped over millennia by erosion, creating dramatic cliffs and numerous sea caves, including the famous Blue Grotto.
History
Capri's history dates back to ancient times. Evidence of human settlement on the island dates back to the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. The island was later colonized by the Greeks and became part of the Roman Empire. During the Roman period, Capri was a favored resort of the emperors Augustus and Tiberius. Tiberius built several villas on the island, the most famous of which is Villa Jovis.
In the Middle Ages, Capri was attacked by various groups, including the Saracens. The island was later controlled by the Normans, the Angevins, and the Aragonese. In the 19th century, Capri became a popular destination for European artists, writers, and other celebrities.
Flora and Fauna
Capri's flora is characterized by Mediterranean vegetation, including maquis, which consists of dense evergreen shrubs. The island is home to a variety of plant species, including the Capri bellflower (Campanula fragilis), which is endemic to the island. Other notable plants include myrtle, rosemary, and various species of orchids.
The fauna of Capri includes several species of birds, such as the peregrine falcon and the blue rock thrush. The island's marine environment is rich in biodiversity, with numerous species of fish, crustaceans, and mollusks inhabiting the surrounding waters.
Economy
The economy of Capri is primarily based on tourism. The island attracts visitors from around the world, drawn by its natural beauty, historical sites, and luxury amenities. Key attractions include the Blue Grotto, the Gardens of Augustus, and the chairlift to Monte Solaro.
In addition to tourism, Capri has a tradition of limoncello production, a lemon liqueur that is a popular souvenir for visitors. The island also produces handmade leather goods, ceramics, and other artisanal products.
Culture
Capri has a rich cultural heritage, influenced by its long history and diverse inhabitants. The island is known for its vibrant arts scene, with numerous galleries, theaters, and cultural events. The Capri Film Festival and the International Folklore Festival are among the notable cultural events held on the island.
The island's cuisine is characterized by fresh, local ingredients, with an emphasis on seafood, vegetables, and citrus fruits. Traditional dishes include insalata caprese, a salad made with tomatoes, mozzarella, and basil, and ravioli capresi, a type of stuffed pasta.
Transportation
Capri is accessible by ferry and hydrofoil from Naples, Sorrento, and other nearby coastal towns. The island has a network of roads and pathways, but private cars are restricted to residents. Public transportation on the island includes buses and taxis, and there is also a funicular railway that connects the Marina Grande with the town of Capri.