Canons Regular
History
The term "Canons Regular" refers to a type of religious order in the Catholic Church. These religious communities, consisting of ordained priests, live in community together under a rule (regula in Latin), hence the term "Regular". They are different from secular clergy, who live in the world and not in religious communities.
The origins of Canons Regular can be traced back to the earliest days of the Church, when clergy would live together in a community for mutual support and to perform the liturgy. However, the exact form of life they lead and the rule they follow has evolved over the centuries.
In the 4th century, St. Augustine of Hippo, a prominent theologian and bishop, established a rule of life for clergy living in community that became widely influential in the Western Church. This rule, known as the Rule of St. Augustine, became the basis for many religious orders of Canons Regular.
Organization and Structure
Canons Regular are organized into autonomous houses, each governed by an elected superior, often bearing the title of abbot or prior. These houses may be standalone, or they may be part of a larger congregation of houses. Each house is self-sufficient and autonomous, but houses within a congregation will often collaborate on larger projects and share resources.
Each Canon Regular takes vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, similar to monks. However, unlike monks, Canons Regular are also ordained priests and are therefore involved in pastoral ministry to the laity. This pastoral work may take many forms, including parish work, teaching, hospital chaplaincies, and more.
Spirituality and Liturgy
The spirituality of Canons Regular is deeply rooted in the liturgy, the public worship of the Church. They are required to pray the Divine Office in common, and they also celebrate the Eucharist together daily. This emphasis on liturgical prayer sets them apart from monks, who also pray the Divine Office but spend more time in private, contemplative prayer.
The Rule of St. Augustine, followed by many communities of Canons Regular, emphasizes love of God and neighbor, care for the poor, and living in harmony as a community. These values are reflected in the daily life and work of Canons Regular.
Notable Communities of Canons Regular
There are many different communities of Canons Regular, each with their own unique charism and mission. Some of the most notable include the Premonstratensians, also known as the Norbertines or White Canons, founded by St. Norbert in the 12th century; the Canons Regular of the Lateran, who trace their origins back to the 4th century; and the Canons Regular of the Holy Cross, founded in the 14th century.