Broadcasting
Introduction
Broadcasting is the distribution of audio or video content to a dispersed audience via any electronic mass communications medium, but typically one using the electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves), in a one-to-many model. Broadcasting began with AM radio broadcasting which came into popular use around 1920 with the spread of vacuum tube radio transmitters and receivers.
History of Broadcasting
The concept of broadcasting originated with the invention of the telegraph in the mid-19th century. The term "broadcasting", borrowed from the agricultural method of sowing seeds in a field by casting them broadly about, was coined by early radio engineers from the Royal Navy.
Early Broadcasting
The first regular broadcasts started from New York City in 1909 on AM band with the relay of the Manhattan Opera House. The first commercial radio station was Pittsburgh's KDKA, which went on the air in the evening of November 2, 1920 with a broadcast of the results of the U.S. presidential election.
Television Broadcasting
Television broadcasting started experimentally in the 1920s and became widespread after World War II, using VHF and UHF spectrum. The first television broadcasts were experimental, low resolution (12 lines). Later, television signals were initially distributed only as terrestrial television using high-powered radio-frequency transmitters to broadcast the signal to individual television receivers.
Types of Broadcasting
There are several types of broadcasting systems available, each with unique features and capabilities.
Radio Broadcasting
Radio broadcasting is a one-way wireless transmission over radio waves intended to reach a wide audience. Stations can be linked in radio networks to broadcast a common radio format, either in broadcast syndication or simulcast or both.
Television Broadcasting
Television broadcasting is the distribution of television content over the airwaves or through cable systems. It is a method of transmitting television signals to televisions in homes and businesses.
Digital Broadcasting
Digital broadcasting is a method of broadcasting which uses digital data to broadcast multiple channels from the same station. This technology allows for more channels and a higher quality of sound and picture.
Satellite Broadcasting
Satellite broadcasting is a service that delivers television programming to viewers by relaying it from a communications satellite orbiting the Earth directly to the viewer's location.
Internet Broadcasting
Internet broadcasting is a form of broadcasting which takes place over the Internet. This type of broadcasting is often referred to as webcasting or netcasting.
Broadcasting Standards
Broadcasting standards vary by country and can include the technical aspects of broadcasting, such as the resolution of images, the quality of sound, and the way in which signals are transmitted and received.
Future of Broadcasting
The future of broadcasting is likely to include a greater degree of integration with the Internet. Broadcasting organizations must adapt to meet the changing demands of consumers and to remain competitive in a digital age.
See Also
