Brexit
Overview
Brexit is the term used to refer to the United Kingdom's decision to leave the European Union (EU) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom). The term is a portmanteau of "British" and "exit". The decision was made following a referendum held on 23 June 2016, in which 51.9% of voters chose to leave the EU.
Background
The European Union is a political and economic union of 27 member states located primarily in Europe. The UK joined the EU, then known as the European Economic Community (EEC), in 1973. Over the years, the EU expanded in size and in scope, evolving from a primarily economic union to an increasingly political one. This led to growing Euroscepticism in the UK, culminating in the Brexit referendum in 2016.
The Referendum
The referendum was held on 23 June 2016, following a promise made by then-Prime Minister David Cameron during the 2015 general election campaign. The question posed to voters was "Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union?" The result was 51.9% in favour of leaving, with a turnout of 72.2%.
Negotiations
Following the referendum, the UK government invoked Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union on 29 March 2017, beginning the process of leaving the EU. This triggered a two-year negotiation period, during which the UK and EU negotiated the terms of the UK's withdrawal and its future relationship with the EU.
Withdrawal Agreement
The Withdrawal Agreement was negotiated between the UK and EU and outlines the terms of the UK's departure. It covers issues such as citizens' rights, the financial settlement, and the Irish backstop, a mechanism designed to prevent a hard border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.
Impact
The impact of Brexit is wide-ranging and affects many areas, including trade, immigration, law, and sovereignty. The UK's departure from the EU has led to changes in its relationship with the EU and other countries, and has had significant economic and political implications.