Barsoom
Overview of Barsoom
Barsoom is the fictional representation of the planet Mars as depicted in the science fiction series by Edgar Rice Burroughs. The series, known as the Barsoom series, consists of eleven books published between 1912 and 1964. The narrative primarily follows the adventures of John Carter, an Earthman who finds himself transported to Mars, and his interactions with the various Martian races and cultures.
Geography and Environment
Barsoom's geography is characterized by vast deserts, ancient cities, and a variety of unique landscapes. The planet is depicted as having a dying ecosystem, with dwindling water resources and a thin atmosphere. The atmosphere plant is a critical structure on Barsoom, responsible for maintaining the breathable air on the planet. The plant is operated by a group of engineers who ensure that the air quality remains sufficient for the inhabitants.
Major Regions
Barsoom is divided into several major regions, each with its own distinct characteristics:
- **Helium**: One of the most powerful and technologically advanced city-states, Helium is known for its twin cities, Greater Helium and Lesser Helium. It is ruled by Tardos Mors and his grandson, Dejah Thoris.
- **Thark**: Home to the Green Martians, Thark is a region characterized by its harsh desert environment and warrior culture.
- **Ptarth**: Another significant city-state, Ptarth is known for its strong military and strategic alliances.
Inhabitants of Barsoom
Barsoom is home to several intelligent species, each with unique physical and cultural traits. The primary races include:
Red Martians
The Red Martians are the dominant race on Barsoom, known for their reddish-brown skin and advanced civilization. They are typically noble and honorable, with a strong sense of duty and honor. The Red Martians are responsible for much of the planet's technological advancements, including the radium rifle and the eight-legged thoat.
Green Martians
The Green Martians, or Tharks, are a nomadic and warlike race. They are characterized by their green skin, tusks, and towering height, often reaching up to fifteen feet. The Tharks live in a tribal society, led by a Jeddak, or chieftain. Their culture emphasizes strength, combat prowess, and survival.
White Martians
The White Martians, also known as Therns, are a secretive and religious race. They reside in the Valley Dor and are known for their manipulative and deceptive nature. The Therns worship the goddess Issus and play a significant role in the religious hierarchy of Barsoom.
Black Martians
The Black Martians, or First Born, are another secretive race that lives in the underground city of Omean. They are known for their dark skin and fierce loyalty to Issus. The First Born are skilled warriors and sailors, often engaging in raids and piracy.
Technology and Warfare
Barsoomian technology is a blend of advanced and archaic elements. Despite the planet's declining resources, the inhabitants have developed several sophisticated technologies.
Transportation
The primary mode of transportation on Barsoom is the flyer, an airship powered by the mysterious Eighth Ray. Flyers come in various sizes, from small personal craft to large battleships. The Eighth Ray allows these ships to float and maneuver through the thin Martian atmosphere.
Weaponry
Barsoomian weaponry includes a variety of melee and ranged weapons. The most notable is the radium rifle, which uses radium bullets that explode upon impact with sunlight. Swords and daggers are also commonly used, reflecting the planet's warrior culture.
Communication
Communication on Barsoom is facilitated by the telepathic device, which allows individuals to transmit thoughts over long distances. This technology is particularly useful for coordinating military strategies and maintaining contact between distant city-states.
Society and Culture
Barsoomian society is a complex tapestry of traditions, customs, and social hierarchies. Each race and region has its own unique cultural practices.
Social Structure
The social structure on Barsoom is hierarchical, with a clear distinction between the ruling class and the common citizens. The Jeddak, or king, holds the highest position of authority, followed by the Jed, or prince. Below them are the warriors, engineers, and other professionals who contribute to the functioning of society.
Religion
Religion plays a significant role in Barsoomian culture. The Therns and First Born worship Issus, the goddess of life and death, while other races have their own deities and spiritual beliefs. Religious ceremonies and rituals are an integral part of daily life, influencing everything from politics to personal relationships.
Art and Literature
Barsoomian art and literature reflect the planet's rich history and diverse cultures. Poetry, music, and visual arts are highly valued, with each city-state boasting its own unique styles and traditions. The epic poem is a popular literary form, often recounting the heroic deeds of legendary figures.
Economy
The economy of Barsoom is primarily based on trade and resource management. The scarcity of water and other essential resources has led to the development of sophisticated systems for conservation and distribution.
Trade
Trade is a vital aspect of Barsoomian life, with city-states exchanging goods such as textiles, metals, and foodstuffs. The merchant class plays a crucial role in facilitating these exchanges, often traveling great distances to conduct business.
Agriculture
Agriculture on Barsoom is challenging due to the planet's arid climate. However, the Red Martians have developed advanced irrigation techniques to cultivate crops. The canal system is an essential infrastructure, channeling water from the polar ice caps to the agricultural regions.
Notable Figures
Several key figures have shaped the history and culture of Barsoom. These individuals have left a lasting impact on the planet's development and legacy.
John Carter
John Carter, a former Confederate soldier from Earth, is the central protagonist of the Barsoom series. His extraordinary strength and combat skills make him a formidable warrior on Mars. Carter's adventures and alliances significantly influence the political landscape of Barsoom.
Dejah Thoris
Dejah Thoris, the princess of Helium, is a prominent figure known for her intelligence, beauty, and bravery. She plays a crucial role in many of John Carter's adventures and is a symbol of hope and resilience for the Red Martians.
Tars Tarkas
Tars Tarkas is a Jeddak of the Tharks and a close ally of John Carter. Unlike many of his fellow Green Martians, Tars Tarkas exhibits compassion and wisdom, striving to bring about positive change within his tribe.