Autoantibody

Overview

An Autoantibody is an antibody (a type of protein) produced by the immune system that is directed against one or more of the individual's own proteins. Many autoimmune diseases (notably Lupus erythematosus) are caused by such autoantibodies.

Classification

Autoantibodies can be classified in several ways, including the immunoglobulin class and subclass, the affinity for the antigen, and the type of antigens they bind to.

Function

Autoantibodies can have different effects on the body: they can cause disease; they can be benign (i.e., have no discernable effect on the health of the individual); or they can be protective.

Pathophysiology

Autoantibodies can attack the body's cells, tissues, and organs, leading to inflammation and damage. They can also interfere with normal bodily functions, such as preventing a protein from doing its job.

Clinical significance

The presence of autoantibodies in the blood is often a sign of an autoimmune disease. However, autoantibodies can also be present in healthy individuals.

Diagnostic use

Autoantibodies are often used in medical tests for autoimmune diseases. Some autoantibodies are associated with certain diseases, so their presence can be a useful diagnostic tool.