Art Tatum
Early Life
Art Tatum was born on October 13, 1909, in Toledo, Ohio. His parents were Arthur Tatum Sr. and Mildred Hoskins, both of whom were musicians. Tatum was born with cataracts in both eyes, which left him visually impaired. Despite his visual impairment, Tatum began learning to play the piano at a young age. He was largely self-taught, learning to play by ear and imitating piano rolls and records.
Career
Tatum began his professional career in the 1920s, playing on Toledo radio station WTOL. His first recordings, "Birmingham Breakdown" and "Ma, He's Making Eyes at Me", were made in 1927. Tatum moved to New York City in 1932, where he quickly gained a reputation as a formidable jazz pianist. He was known for his virtuosic technique and innovative improvisations, which combined elements of stride, swing, and classical music.
Tatum's playing was characterized by his exceptional speed, precision, and harmonic complexity. He often embellished his performances with rapid runs and arpeggios, intricate chord voicings, and daring modulations. His style was highly influential, and he is considered one of the greatest jazz pianists of all time.
Legacy
Tatum's influence on jazz piano cannot be overstated. His virtuosic technique and innovative approach to harmony and rhythm have inspired generations of pianists. He has been cited as an influence by many notable musicians, including Thelonious Monk, Bud Powell, and Oscar Peterson.
Tatum was posthumously awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1989. He was also inducted into the DownBeat Jazz Hall of Fame and the Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame.