Antipater
Early Life
Antipater was born in 397 BC in Macedonia, the son of a Macedonian nobleman named Iollas. He was a contemporary of Philip II of Macedon, and the two were said to have been friends in their youth. There is little information about his early life and education, but it is believed that he received a traditional Macedonian education, focusing on military tactics and philosophy.
Political Career under Philip II
Antipater began his political career under Philip II, who recognized his talents and appointed him as his chief advisor. He played a crucial role in the expansion of Macedonian power throughout Greece, often serving as Philip's representative in diplomatic negotiations. His diplomatic skills were instrumental in the formation of the League of Corinth, a federation of Greek states under Macedonian hegemony.
Regent of Macedonia
Upon Philip's death in 336 BC, his son Alexander the Great ascended to the throne. Recognizing Antipater's loyalty and administrative skills, Alexander appointed him as regent of Macedonia during his military campaigns in Asia. As regent, Antipater was responsible for maintaining stability in Macedonia and overseeing its defense against potential threats.
Military Campaigns
In addition to his administrative duties, Antipater was also a capable military commander. He successfully defended Macedonia against invasions by the Thracians and Athenians during Alexander's absence. His most notable victory was at the Battle of Megalopolis in 331 BC, where he defeated a coalition of Greek city-states seeking to break free from Macedonian control.
Relationship with Alexander the Great
Antipater's relationship with Alexander was complex. While they respected each other's abilities, there were also tensions between them. Alexander's mother, Olympias, was a bitter enemy of Antipater and often criticized him in her correspondence with Alexander. Despite these challenges, Antipater remained loyal to Alexander throughout his reign.
Later Life and Death
After Alexander's death in 323 BC, Antipater became a key player in the power struggles that followed. He was appointed regent of the empire, but his rule was challenged by several of Alexander's generals. Antipater managed to maintain his position until his death in 319 BC. His son, Cassander, succeeded him as regent and later became king of Macedonia.
Legacy
Antipater's legacy is largely overshadowed by the achievements of Philip II and Alexander the Great. However, his contributions to the establishment and maintenance of the Macedonian Empire were significant. His diplomatic and administrative skills were key to the stability of the empire, and his military victories helped secure its borders.
