Antacid
Overview
An antacid is a substance which neutralizes stomach acidity and is used to relieve heartburn, indigestion or an upset stomach. Antacids are available over the counter and are taken by mouth to quickly relieve occasional heartburn, the major symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease and also indigestion. Treatment with antacids alone is symptomatic and only justified for minor symptoms.
Mechanism of Action
Antacids perform a simple chemical reaction where they neutralize acid by combining with it to form a more balanced compound. This reaction is an example of acid-base chemistry. Antacids contain alkaline ions that chemically neutralize gastric acid, reducing damage and relieving pain.
Types of Antacids
Antacids are divided into two classes: systemic and non-systemic. Systemic antacids are absorbed by the stomach and enter the bloodstream. Non-systemic antacids remain in the stomach and do not enter the bloodstream.
Systemic Antacids
Systemic antacids include sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate. These antacids are absorbed into the bloodstream and can cause metabolic changes if used excessively.
Non-Systemic Antacids
Non-systemic antacids include aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and magnesium trisilicate. These antacids are not absorbed into the bloodstream and are therefore less likely to cause metabolic changes than systemic antacids.
Side Effects
While antacids can be effective in relieving heartburn and indigestion, they may also cause side effects. These can include constipation, diarrhea, changes in the color of bowel movements, and stomach cramps.
Precautions and Interactions
Antacids can interact with certain medications, affecting how they are absorbed, metabolized, or excreted. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new medication, including over-the-counter antacids.