Al-Qaeda
Origins and formation
Al-Qaeda, Arabic for "The Base", is a global militant Islamist organization founded by Osama bin Laden, Abdullah Azzam, and several other militants in the late 1980s1. It originated in the context of the Soviet-Afghan War, where it initially functioned as a network to help foreign mujahideen in the war against the Soviets2.
Ideology and goals
Al-Qaeda's ideology is based on a radical interpretation of Sunni Islam, particularly the Salafi movement. Its primary goal is the establishment of a global Islamic caliphate. It views the West, particularly the United States, as a major obstacle to this goal and therefore considers it a legitimate target for militant attacks3.
Structure and organization
Al-Qaeda operates as a network comprising both a multinational, stateless army and a radical Sunni Muslim movement. Its structure is hierarchical, with a central command located in Afghanistan and Pakistan and several regional branches across the world4.
Activities and operations
Al-Qaeda is known for carrying out numerous high-profile attacks, most notably the September 11 attacks in 2001. These attacks have led to extensive efforts by the international community to combat the organization and its affiliates5.
Affiliates and offshoots
Al-Qaeda has spawned numerous affiliates and offshoots, including Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), and Al-Shabaab. These groups operate semi-independently but share Al-Qaeda's ideology and goals6.
Impact and legacy
Al-Qaeda's activities have had profound impacts on global security and international relations. Its attacks have led to major shifts in U.S. foreign policy and have been a major factor in the initiation of the War on Terror7.