Advaita Vedanta
Philosophy
Advaita Vedanta is a school of Hindu philosophy and religious practice, and one of the classic Indian paths to spiritual realization. The term Advaita refers to its idea that the soul (true Self, Atman) is the same as the highest metaphysical Reality (Brahman). The followers of this school are known as Advaita Vedantins, or just Advaitins, and they seek spiritual liberation through acquiring a knowledge of one's true identity as Atman, and the identity of Atman and Brahman.
History
Advaita Vedanta traces its roots in the oldest Upanishads. It was most fully explained by Adi Shankara by integrating ideas from various orthodox (astika) schools, with a notable exception of Charvaka. Shankara's teachings have been the foundation of Advaita Vedanta, which was further developed by his successors over the subsequent centuries.
Teachings
Advaita Vedanta teaches that the ultimate truth or reality (Brahman) is one, undivided, and unchanging. It asserts that there is "one reality, one truth", and that all individuals (Atman) are essentially non-different from Brahman. This non-dualistic (advaita) view is the cornerstone of the Advaita Vedanta philosophy.
Practices
The primary goal of Advaita Vedanta practices is to attain moksha (liberation). This is achieved through the realization of the identity of Atman and Brahman. The practices include meditation, yoga, and a moral and ethical lifestyle.
Influence
Advaita Vedanta has had a significant influence on Indian culture and spirituality. It has also had an impact on spiritual movements outside India, particularly in the West.