BDNF

Introduction

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, or BDNF, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the BDNF gene. BDNF is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors, which are related to the canonical Nerve Growth Factor (NGF). Neurotrophic factors are found in the brain and the periphery.

A 3D representation of the BDNF protein structure

A 3D representation of the BDNF protein structure

Function

BDNF acts on certain neurons of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system, helping to support the survival of existing neurons, and encourage the growth and differentiation of new neurons and synapses. In the brain, it is active in the hippocampus, cortex, and basal forebrain—areas vital to learning, memory, and higher thinking.

Role in Neuroplasticity

BDNF is important for neuroplasticity, which is the ability of the brain to adapt and change in response to experience. It achieves this by promoting the growth and differentiation of new neurons and synapses. Neuroplasticity is critical for learning and memory functions, and it is thought that higher levels of BDNF can improve neuroplasticity.

Clinical Significance

BDNF has been shown to be involved in several neurological and psychiatric conditions. Lower levels of BDNF are found in the brains of people with conditions such as depression and schizophrenia. There is also evidence that BDNF levels can be increased through various forms of physical and cognitive activity, such as exercise and learning, which has implications for the treatment of these conditions.

See Also

• Neurotrophin
• Neuroplasticity
• Nerve Growth Factor