View source for The Science of Human Neurocognition

== Introduction ==

Human neurocognition is a branch of [[Cognitive Neuroscience|cognitive neuroscience]] that focuses on the neural substrates of mental processes and their behavioral manifestations. It is the scientific study of how different brain functions give rise to cognition, the collection of mental processes that includes attention, memory, language, problem-solving, and decision making.

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[[Image:Detail-21115.jpg|thumb|center|A detailed image of a human brain.|class=only_on_desktop]]

== History and Background ==

The field of neurocognition has its roots in the discipline of [[Psychology|psychology]], specifically cognitive psychology, and [[Neuroscience|neuroscience]]. The marriage of these two fields in the late 20th century gave rise to cognitive neuroscience, which later branched out to form various sub-disciplines, including neurocognition.

== Neurocognitive Processes ==

Neurocognitive processes are the brain functions that allow us to interact with the world around us. These processes include perception, attention, memory, language, and executive functions.

=== Perception ===

Perception is the process of recognizing and interpreting sensory stimuli. It involves the brain receiving inputs from the sensory organs and transforming these inputs into meaningful information. This process is crucial for our understanding and interaction with the environment.

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=== Attention ===

Attention is the cognitive process that allows us to focus on specific stimuli while ignoring others. This selective focus enables us to concentrate on what is most relevant to our current goals, thereby enhancing our performance on tasks.

=== Memory ===

Memory is the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information. It is a critical function that allows us to learn from past experiences and use that knowledge to guide our future actions.

[[Image:Detail-21118.jpg|thumb|center|An open book, symbolizing knowledge and memory.|class=only_on_mobile]]
[[Image:Detail-21119.jpg|thumb|center|An open book, symbolizing knowledge and memory.|class=only_on_desktop]]

=== Language ===

Language is a complex cognitive function that allows us to communicate with others. It involves a set of processes including speech production, comprehension, and semantic understanding.

=== Executive Functions ===

Executive functions are a set of cognitive processes that are necessary for the cognitive control of behavior. They include planning, problem-solving, decision making, and cognitive flexibility.

== Neurocognitive Disorders ==

Neurocognitive disorders are a group of conditions that cause a significant impairment in cognitive function. These disorders can be due to a variety of causes, including neurological disease, brain injury, or substance use.

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=== Alzheimer's Disease ===

[[Alzheimer's Disease|Alzheimer's disease]] is a progressive neurocognitive disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. It is the most common cause of dementia in older adults.

=== Traumatic Brain Injury ===

[[Traumatic Brain Injury|Traumatic brain injury]] (TBI) can lead to a range of neurocognitive impairments, depending on the severity and location of the injury. These can include problems with memory, attention, and executive functions.

=== Substance-Induced Neurocognitive Disorders ===

Substance-induced neurocognitive disorders are conditions that result from the use of drugs or alcohol. These substances can cause significant cognitive impairments, including problems with memory, attention, and executive functions.

== Neurocognitive Assessment ==

Neurocognitive assessment is the process of evaluating a person's cognitive functioning using a variety of tests and measures. This can help to identify any cognitive impairments and guide treatment and intervention strategies.

[[Image:Detail-21122.jpg|thumb|center|A clipboard with a checklist, symbolizing assessment.|class=only_on_mobile]]
[[Image:Detail-21123.jpg|thumb|center|A clipboard with a checklist, symbolizing assessment.|class=only_on_desktop]]

== Conclusion ==

The science of human neurocognition is a rapidly evolving field that continues to provide valuable insights into the complex workings of the human brain. By understanding the neural basis of cognition, we can develop more effective treatments for neurocognitive disorders and improve our understanding of human behavior.

== See Also ==

* [[Cognitive Psychology]]
* [[Neuroscience]]
* [[Cognitive Neuroscience]]
* [[Neurological Disorders]]

[[Category:Neuroscience]]
[[Category:Cognitive Science]]
[[Category:Psychology]]
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