View source for Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management

== Overview ==

The Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM) is a global policy framework aimed at promoting the safe management of chemicals throughout their lifecycle. This initiative was developed to address the increasing concerns over the adverse effects of chemicals on human health and the environment. SAICM was adopted by the International Conference on Chemicals Management (ICCM) in 2006, under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). It serves as a platform for stakeholders, including governments, industry, non-governmental organizations, and intergovernmental organizations, to collaborate on achieving the sound management of chemicals by 2020, a goal set by the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002.

== Historical Context ==

The inception of SAICM can be traced back to the growing awareness of chemical pollution and its global impact. The [[Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants]] and the [[Rotterdam Convention]] on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade laid the groundwork for international cooperation in chemical management. These conventions highlighted the need for a comprehensive approach to address the risks associated with chemical substances.

The Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, adopted at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, called for the development of a strategic approach to international chemicals management. This led to a series of international negotiations and consultations, culminating in the adoption of SAICM at the first session of the ICCM in Dubai in 2006.

== Objectives and Principles ==

SAICM is guided by a set of overarching policy objectives and principles. These include:

* **Risk Reduction**: To minimize the risks posed by chemicals to human health and the environment through the promotion of safer alternatives and technologies.

* **Knowledge and Information**: To enhance the availability and accessibility of information on chemicals, including their hazards, risks, and safe handling practices.

* **Governance**: To strengthen the institutional frameworks and policies for the sound management of chemicals at the national, regional, and global levels.

* **Capacity Building and Technical Cooperation**: To support the development of national capacities and facilitate technical cooperation among countries.

* **Illegal International Traffic**: To prevent illegal international traffic in toxic, hazardous, banned, and severely restricted chemicals.

SAICM is also guided by the precautionary principle, which emphasizes the need to take preventive action in the face of uncertainty, and the polluter pays principle, which holds that the costs of pollution should be borne by those responsible for causing it.

== Implementation Framework ==

The implementation of SAICM is structured around five key components:

=== 1. Global Plan of Action ===

The Global Plan of Action (GPA) is a comprehensive list of activities and actions that stakeholders can undertake to achieve the objectives of SAICM. It includes measures related to risk reduction, knowledge and information sharing, governance, capacity building, and illegal international traffic. The GPA serves as a flexible tool that can be adapted to the specific needs and priorities of different countries and regions.

=== 2. Overarching Policy Strategy ===

The Overarching Policy Strategy (OPS) outlines the strategic priorities and objectives of SAICM. It provides a framework for action and sets out the roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders. The OPS emphasizes the importance of multi-stakeholder participation and collaboration in achieving the sound management of chemicals.

=== 3. Quick Start Programme ===

The Quick Start Programme (QSP) was established to provide initial support for the implementation of SAICM. It aimed to build capacity and support enabling activities in developing countries and countries with economies in transition. The QSP facilitated the development of national chemical management frameworks and supported projects related to risk reduction, information sharing, and capacity building.

=== 4. Financing and Resource Mobilization ===

The implementation of SAICM requires adequate financial resources and support. The framework encourages the mobilization of resources from various sources, including national budgets, international financial institutions, and the private sector. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) has been a key source of funding for SAICM-related activities.

=== 5. Monitoring and Evaluation ===

Monitoring and evaluation are critical components of the SAICM framework. They help assess progress towards achieving the objectives of SAICM and identify areas for improvement. The ICCM regularly reviews the implementation of SAICM and provides guidance on future actions.

== Challenges and Opportunities ==

The implementation of SAICM has faced several challenges, including:

* **Limited Resources**: Many countries, particularly developing countries, lack the financial and technical resources needed to implement SAICM effectively.

* **Coordination and Cooperation**: Ensuring effective coordination and cooperation among stakeholders, including governments, industry, and civil society, remains a challenge.

* **Data and Information Gaps**: There are significant gaps in data and information on chemicals, particularly in developing countries, which hinder effective decision-making and risk management.

Despite these challenges, SAICM presents several opportunities for advancing the sound management of chemicals. These include:

* **Innovation and Technology**: The development and adoption of innovative technologies and practices can help reduce the risks associated with chemicals and promote sustainable development.

* **Public Awareness and Engagement**: Increasing public awareness and engagement on chemical safety issues can drive demand for safer products and practices.

* **Policy Integration**: Integrating chemical management into broader policy frameworks, such as those related to health, environment, and sustainable development, can enhance the effectiveness of SAICM.

== Future Directions ==

As the original target date of 2020 has passed, there is ongoing discussion about the future of SAICM and the development of a new framework for the sound management of chemicals and waste beyond 2020. Key considerations include:

* **Strengthening Governance**: Enhancing the governance structures and mechanisms for chemical management at the global, regional, and national levels.

* **Enhancing Stakeholder Engagement**: Increasing the involvement of all stakeholders, including the private sector, civil society, and indigenous communities, in the implementation of chemical management strategies.

* **Addressing Emerging Issues**: Identifying and addressing emerging issues related to chemicals and waste, such as the impact of [[nanotechnology]] and [[endocrine disruptors]].

* **Promoting Sustainable Consumption and Production**: Encouraging sustainable consumption and production patterns to reduce the environmental and health impacts of chemicals.

== Conclusion ==

The Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management represents a significant step towards achieving the sound management of chemicals globally. While challenges remain, the collaborative efforts of stakeholders and the integration of innovative solutions hold promise for advancing chemical safety and sustainability. As discussions continue on the future of SAICM, it is crucial to build on the progress made and address the evolving challenges and opportunities in chemical management.

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== See Also ==

* [[Basel Convention]]
* [[Chemical Safety]]
* [[Environmental Policy]]

[[Category:Chemical Safety]]
[[Category:Environmental Policy]]
[[Category:International Relations]]