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== Introduction ==

The [[Shandong (aircraft carrier)|Shandong]] is a Chinese aircraft carrier that represents a significant advancement in the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). As the first domestically built carrier, it marks a pivotal step in China's naval modernization efforts. The vessel, designated as Type 002, is a symbol of China's growing maritime capabilities and strategic ambitions. This article delves into the technical specifications, development history, operational capabilities, and strategic implications of the Shandong.

== Development and Construction ==

The development of the Shandong began in the early 2010s, following China's acquisition of the [[Liaoning (aircraft carrier)|Liaoning]], a refurbished Soviet-era vessel. The Shandong was constructed at the Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company in Liaoning Province. The construction process involved significant technological advancements and the integration of indigenous systems, showcasing China's ability to produce complex naval platforms.

The keel of the Shandong was laid in November 2013, and the vessel was launched in April 2017. The construction process was characterized by the use of modular construction techniques, which allowed for the simultaneous assembly of different sections of the carrier. This method significantly reduced the construction time and demonstrated China's growing proficiency in shipbuilding.

== Technical Specifications ==

The Shandong is approximately 315 meters long, with a beam of 75 meters and a full-load displacement of around 70,000 tons. It is powered by conventional steam turbines, which provide a top speed of approximately 31 knots. The carrier features a ski-jump flight deck, similar to that of the Liaoning, which facilitates the launch of fixed-wing aircraft.

The air wing of the Shandong consists primarily of [[Shenyang J-15|J-15]] fighter jets, along with various helicopters for anti-submarine warfare, search and rescue, and airborne early warning missions. The carrier can accommodate up to 44 aircraft, depending on the mission requirements.

== Operational Capabilities ==

The Shandong is equipped with a range of advanced systems that enhance its operational capabilities. These include an integrated combat management system, modern radar and sensor suites, and electronic warfare systems. The carrier's defensive capabilities are augmented by a combination of close-in weapon systems (CIWS) and surface-to-air missiles (SAMs).

The Shandong's design incorporates lessons learned from the operation of the Liaoning, resulting in improved crew accommodations, enhanced maintenance facilities, and more efficient flight operations. The carrier's ability to project air power, conduct maritime patrols, and support amphibious operations makes it a versatile asset in the PLAN's arsenal.

== Strategic Implications ==

The commissioning of the Shandong in December 2019 marked a significant milestone in China's naval development. It underscores China's commitment to expanding its blue-water navy and enhancing its ability to project power beyond its immediate periphery. The Shandong serves as a platform for developing carrier strike group operations, a critical component of modern naval warfare.

The presence of the Shandong in the South China Sea and other strategic waterways has implications for regional security dynamics. It enhances China's ability to assert its territorial claims and protect its maritime interests. The carrier also serves as a deterrent to potential adversaries and strengthens China's position in international maritime affairs.

== Future Developments ==

The Shandong is expected to undergo continuous upgrades and modifications to enhance its capabilities. These may include the integration of more advanced aircraft, improved propulsion systems, and enhanced electronic warfare capabilities. The experience gained from operating the Shandong will inform the development of future Chinese aircraft carriers, including the more advanced Type 003.

== Conclusion ==

The Shandong represents a significant achievement in China's naval development, reflecting its growing technological prowess and strategic ambitions. As the PLAN continues to expand its carrier fleet, the Shandong will play a crucial role in shaping China's maritime strategy and enhancing its ability to project power on a global scale.

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== See Also ==
* [[Liaoning (aircraft carrier)]]
* [[Shenyang J-15]]
* [[People's Liberation Army Navy]]

[[Category:Aircraft carriers of China]]
[[Category:Military of China]]
[[Category:Naval ships of China]]