View source for RNA Binding Protein

== Overview ==
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are a class of [[Protein|proteins]] that interact with [[RNA|Ribonucleic acid]] to regulate various biological functions. RBPs are involved in many cellular processes, including [[Transcription (genetics)|transcription]], [[RNA splicing|splicing]], [[Translation (biology)|translation]], and [[RNA transport|RNA transport]]. They play a critical role in gene expression and are essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis.

[[Image:Detail-52081.jpg|thumb|center|A close-up view of an RNA-binding protein interacting with a strand of RNA.|class=only_on_mobile]]
[[Image:Detail-52082.jpg|thumb|center|A close-up view of an RNA-binding protein interacting with a strand of RNA.|class=only_on_desktop]]

== Structure ==
RBPs typically contain one or more RNA-binding domains (RBDs), which facilitate the interaction with RNA. These domains include the [[RNA recognition motif|RNA recognition motif (RRM)]], the K-homology (KH) domain, the double-stranded RNA-binding domain (dsRBD), and the zinc finger domain, among others. Each of these domains has a unique structure that allows it to bind to RNA in a specific manner.

== Function ==
The primary function of RBPs is to bind to RNA molecules and regulate their function. This can involve altering the RNA's structure, stability, location, or function. For example, RBPs can influence the splicing of [[Pre-mRNA|pre-mRNA]] molecules, the stability of [[mRNA|messenger RNA (mRNA)]], and the translation of mRNA into proteins.

== Role in Disease ==
Abnormalities in the function of RBPs can lead to various diseases, including [[Cancer|cancer]], [[Neurodegenerative disease|neurodegenerative diseases]], and [[Autoimmune disease|autoimmune diseases]]. For example, mutations in the gene encoding the RBP FUS are associated with [[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis|amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)]] and [[Frontotemporal dementia|frontotemporal dementia]].

== Research and Future Directions ==
Research into RBPs is a rapidly growing field, with potential applications in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Understanding the precise mechanisms by which RBPs regulate RNA function could lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for a range of diseases.

== See Also ==
* [[Protein–RNA complex]]
* [[Post-transcriptional regulation]]
* [[RNA interference]]

[[Category:Proteins]]
[[Category:Gene expression]]
[[Category:Molecular biology]]