View source for John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford

== Early Life and Family Background ==

John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford, was born on 8 September 1442, into the prominent de Vere family, a lineage with substantial influence in [[medieval England]]. The de Vere family had held the earldom of Oxford since 1141, making it one of the oldest and most prestigious titles in the English peerage. John was the son of John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford, and Elizabeth Howard, daughter of Sir John Howard. His family was deeply entrenched in the [[Wars of the Roses]], a series of dynastic conflicts that plagued England in the 15th century.

The de Vere family had a long-standing association with the [[House of Lancaster]], which played a significant role in shaping John's early life and political affiliations. His father, the 12th Earl, was a staunch Lancastrian supporter, a loyalty that would have a profound impact on John's future.

== Rise to Prominence ==

John de Vere's ascent to prominence was marked by the execution of his father and elder brother in 1462, under the orders of King [[Edward IV]] of the [[House of York]]. This event was a turning point in John's life, as it thrust him into the earldom at a young age. Despite the loss, John managed to navigate the treacherous political landscape of the time, leveraging his family's connections and his own acumen.

The 13th Earl of Oxford became a key figure in the Lancastrian cause, demonstrating both military prowess and strategic insight. His commitment to the Lancastrian side was unwavering, even during periods when the Yorkists appeared dominant. This steadfastness would later earn him a place in the inner circle of [[Henry VII]], the first monarch of the [[Tudor dynasty]].

== Military Career and the Wars of the Roses ==

John de Vere's military career was closely intertwined with the [[Wars of the Roses]]. He played a crucial role in several key battles, including the [[Battle of Barnet]] in 1471, where he commanded the Lancastrian left flank. Despite the defeat, his leadership was noted for its effectiveness and tenacity.

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Following the Lancastrian defeat at Barnet, de Vere fled to Scotland and later to France, where he continued to support the Lancastrian cause. His exile was marked by a series of strategic alliances and efforts to gather support for the Lancastrian claim to the throne. In 1485, he returned to England with [[Henry Tudor]], playing a pivotal role in the [[Battle of Bosworth Field]], which resulted in the overthrow of Richard III and the establishment of the Tudor dynasty.

== Political Influence and Later Life ==

With the ascension of Henry VII, John de Vere's fortunes improved significantly. He was restored to his estates and titles, becoming one of the most influential nobles in the Tudor court. His loyalty and service were rewarded with numerous appointments, including the prestigious position of Lord Great Chamberlain.

De Vere's influence extended beyond military and political spheres; he was also a patron of the arts and a supporter of the [[Renaissance]] movement in England. His court became a center of cultural activity, attracting artists, poets, and scholars.

In his later years, John de Vere focused on consolidating his family's position and ensuring the stability of his estates. He passed away on 10 March 1513, leaving behind a legacy of loyalty, service, and cultural patronage.

== Legacy and Impact ==

John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford, is remembered as a pivotal figure in the transition from the medieval to the early modern period in England. His unwavering support for the Lancastrian cause and his role in the establishment of the Tudor dynasty underscore his importance in English history. His contributions to the military, political, and cultural landscapes of his time have left a lasting impact, influencing the course of English history for generations.

== See Also ==

* [[House of Lancaster]]
* [[Wars of the Roses]]
* [[Henry VII of England]]

[[Category:15th-century English nobility]]
[[Category:Earls of Oxford]]
[[Category:People of the Wars of the Roses]]