View source for Brandt-Daroff Exercises

== Introduction ==
Brandt-Daroff exercises are a series of movements that can help alleviate symptoms of certain types of [[Vertigo|vertigo]], specifically benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). These exercises involve a sequence of specific head and body movements that can help to dislodge any debris in the inner ear that may be causing the vertigo symptoms. 

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== History ==
The Brandt-Daroff exercises were first described by Dr. Thomas Brandt and Dr. Richard Daroff in the late 20th century. They developed these exercises as a home-based treatment method for patients suffering from BPPV. The exercises are designed to move the calcium crystals, or [[Otolith|otoliths]], that have become dislodged in the inner ear, causing the symptoms of vertigo.

== Mechanism of Action ==
The Brandt-Daroff exercises work by utilizing the principle of [[Habituation|habituation]]. Habituation is a psychological learning process wherein there is a decrease in response to a stimulus after being repeatedly exposed to it. In the case of Brandt-Daroff exercises, the repeated movements help the brain to get used to the confusing signals that are causing the symptoms of vertigo. 

== Procedure ==
The Brandt-Daroff exercises are performed in a series of movements. The person starts by sitting upright on the edge of a bed. They then move into a lying position on one side, with their nose pointed up at a 45-degree angle. After waiting for any symptoms of vertigo to pass or after waiting for about 30 seconds, they return to the sitting position. This is then repeated on the other side. This whole procedure is usually performed five times in a session, with sessions recommended twice a day.

== Effectiveness ==
The effectiveness of Brandt-Daroff exercises can vary from person to person. Some people may find significant relief from their vertigo symptoms, while others may not notice a difference. It is important to note that while these exercises can help manage the symptoms of vertigo, they do not cure the underlying condition causing the vertigo.

== Risks and Considerations ==
While generally safe, the Brandt-Daroff exercises can initially cause an increase in vertigo symptoms. However, this is typically temporary and should decrease with repeated practice of the exercises. It is recommended to have someone present when first performing these exercises in case the vertigo symptoms become too severe. 

== See Also ==
* [[Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo]]
* [[Habituation]]
* [[Vertigo]]

[[Category:Physical therapy]]
[[Category:Exercise therapy]]
[[Category:Vertigo]]