View source for Amazon Web Services (AWS)

== Overview ==

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a comprehensive and evolving cloud computing platform provided by Amazon. It offers a mix of infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and packaged software as a service (SaaS) offerings. AWS services are delivered over the internet and provide a wide array of global cloud-based products including compute, storage, databases, analytics, networking, mobile, developer tools, management tools, IoT, security, and enterprise applications.

== History ==

AWS was launched in 2006 from the internal infrastructure that Amazon.com built to handle its online retail operations. The platform was initially designed to provide online services for websites and client-side applications. The first AWS offerings included Amazon S3 cloud storage, Amazon EC2 compute services, and Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS).

== Core Services ==

=== Compute ===

AWS provides a variety of compute services, the most notable being Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud ([[Amazon EC2]]). EC2 allows users to rent virtual computers on which to run their own applications. Other compute services include:

* [[AWS Lambda]]: A serverless compute service that runs code in response to events and automatically manages the compute resources.
* [[Amazon Elastic Container Service]] (ECS): A highly scalable, high-performance container management service that supports Docker containers.
* [[Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service]] (EKS): A managed service that makes it easy to run Kubernetes on AWS without needing to install and operate your own Kubernetes control plane.

=== Storage ===

AWS offers several storage services, each designed for different use cases:

* [[Amazon S3]]: Simple Storage Service, an object storage service that offers industry-leading scalability, data availability, security, and performance.
* [[Amazon EBS]]: Elastic Block Store, which provides block-level storage volumes for use with EC2 instances.
* [[Amazon Glacier]]: A low-cost cloud storage service for data archiving and long-term backup.

=== Databases ===

AWS provides a range of database services to fit different needs:

* [[Amazon RDS]]: Relational Database Service, which supports multiple database engines including MySQL, PostgreSQL, MariaDB, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server.
* [[Amazon DynamoDB]]: A fast and flexible NoSQL database service for any scale.
* [[Amazon Redshift]]: A fully managed data warehouse service that makes it simple and cost-effective to analyze all your data using standard SQL and existing Business Intelligence (BI) tools.

=== Networking ===

AWS offers a variety of networking services to help users build highly available and scalable applications:

* [[Amazon VPC]]: Virtual Private Cloud, which allows users to provision a logically isolated section of the AWS cloud.
* [[Amazon Route 53]]: A scalable Domain Name System (DNS) web service.
* [[AWS Direct Connect]]: A cloud service solution that makes it easy to establish a dedicated network connection from your premises to AWS.

=== Security and Identity ===

AWS provides several services to help secure your data and manage user identities:

* [[AWS Identity and Access Management]] (IAM): Enables you to manage access to AWS services and resources securely.
* [[AWS Key Management Service]] (KMS): Makes it easy to create and control the encryption keys used to encrypt your data.
* [[AWS Shield]]: A managed Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) protection service.

== Advanced Services ==

=== Machine Learning ===

AWS offers a suite of machine learning services:

* [[Amazon SageMaker]]: A fully managed service that provides every developer and data scientist with the ability to build, train, and deploy machine learning models quickly.
* [[Amazon Comprehend]]: A natural language processing (NLP) service that uses machine learning to find insights and relationships in text.
* [[Amazon Rekognition]]: A service that makes it easy to add image and video analysis to your applications.

=== Analytics ===

AWS provides a range of analytics services to help you process and analyze data:

* [[Amazon EMR]]: Elastic MapReduce, a cloud-native big data platform for processing vast amounts of data using open-source tools such as Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark.
* [[Amazon Kinesis]]: A platform for streaming data on AWS, offering powerful services to make it easy to load and analyze streaming data.
* [[Amazon Athena]]: An interactive query service that makes it easy to analyze data in Amazon S3 using standard SQL.

=== Internet of Things (IoT) ===

AWS IoT services enable you to connect IoT devices to the cloud:

* [[AWS IoT Core]]: Allows you to connect IoT devices to the cloud without the need to provision or manage servers.
* [[AWS Greengrass]]: Extends AWS to edge devices so they can act locally on the data they generate while still using the cloud for management, analytics, and durable storage.

== Global Infrastructure ==

AWS operates from numerous data centers spread across Availability Zones (AZs) in regions around the world. Each region is a separate geographic area, and each AZ is a distinct location within a region that is engineered to be isolated from failures in other AZs. This design allows AWS to provide high availability and fault tolerance for its services.

== Pricing Model ==

AWS uses a pay-as-you-go pricing model, which means that customers only pay for the individual services they need, for as long as they use them, without requiring long-term contracts or complex licensing. This model includes several pricing options such as On-Demand Instances, Reserved Instances, and Spot Instances, each designed to meet different use cases and budget requirements.

== Compliance and Security ==

AWS is designed to be one of the most flexible and secure cloud computing environments available today. Its core infrastructure is built to satisfy the security requirements for the military, global banks, and other high-sensitivity organizations. AWS provides a range of compliance programs and certifications, including:

* [[ISO 27001]]
* [[SOC 1]], [[SOC 2]], and [[SOC 3]]
* [[PCI DSS]] Level 1
* [[HIPAA]]

== Use Cases ==

AWS is used by millions of customers, including the fastest-growing startups, largest enterprises, and leading government agencies, to lower costs, become more agile, and innovate faster. Some of the common use cases include:

* [[Web Hosting]]: Hosting websites and web applications.
* [[Big Data]]: Processing and analyzing large datasets.
* [[Disaster Recovery]]: Creating backup and recovery solutions.
* [[DevOps]]: Automating software development and deployment processes.

== Criticisms and Challenges ==

Despite its widespread adoption, AWS has faced criticisms and challenges. Some of the common concerns include:

* **Complexity**: The vast array of services and options can be overwhelming for new users.
* **Cost Management**: While the pay-as-you-go model is flexible, it can lead to unexpected costs if not managed properly.
* **Vendor Lock-In**: Some customers worry about becoming too dependent on AWS services and the difficulty of migrating to other platforms.

== Future Developments ==

AWS continues to innovate and expand its services. Future developments are expected to focus on areas such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, edge computing, and quantum computing. AWS is also likely to continue expanding its global infrastructure to meet the growing demand for cloud services.

== See Also ==

* [[Cloud Computing]]
* [[Microsoft Azure]]
* [[Google Cloud Platform]]
* [[Serverless Computing]]
* [[Edge Computing]]

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== References ==

[[Category:Cloud computing]]
[[Category:Amazon (company)]]
[[Category:Web services]]