View source for Advances in Perovskite Solar Cells

== Introduction ==

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent a new wave of [[Photovoltaic cell|photovoltaic technology]] that has seen rapid advancements over the past decade. Named after the mineral perovskite, which has a specific crystal structure, these solar cells utilize a perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting active layer. 

[[Image:Detail-39997.jpg|thumb|center|A close-up view of a perovskite solar cell.|class=only_on_mobile]]
[[Image:Detail-39998.jpg|thumb|center|A close-up view of a perovskite solar cell.|class=only_on_desktop]]

== History and Development ==

The first use of perovskite in a solid-state solar cell was reported in 2009, marking the beginning of what has been a rapid progression in the field of [[Photovoltaics|photovoltaic research]]. Initially, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of these cells was a mere 3.8%, but through a series of breakthroughs, it has now exceeded 25%, rivaling that of traditional silicon-based solar cells.

== Structure and Composition ==

The typical structure of a perovskite solar cell is a sandwich-like configuration composed of several layers. Each layer plays a crucial role in the operation of the cell, and the choice of materials for each layer is a critical aspect of the cell design.

=== Perovskite Layer ===

The active layer of a PSC is a thin film of perovskite-structured material, most commonly a hybrid organic-inorganic lead or tin halide-based material. The perovskite structure allows for efficient absorption of sunlight and transport of generated charges to the electrodes.

=== Electron and Hole Transport Layers ===

On either side of the perovskite layer are the electron and hole transport layers. These layers are crucial for the separation and transport of photo-generated charges, preventing their recombination and thus increasing the cell's efficiency.

== Advances in Perovskite Solar Cells ==

The field of perovskite solar cells has seen numerous advances in recent years, driven by the desire to improve their efficiency, stability, and scalability.

=== Efficiency Improvements ===

Efficiency improvements in PSCs have been achieved through various strategies, including optimizing the perovskite composition, improving the quality of the perovskite film, and enhancing the charge transport properties of the transport layers.

=== Stability Enhancements ===

While PSCs have shown high efficiencies, their stability under operating conditions has been a major challenge. Recent advances have focused on improving the stability of the perovskite layer and the interfaces between the different layers.

=== Scalability and Fabrication ===

Scalability is a crucial aspect for the commercialization of PSCs. Recent research has focused on developing scalable fabrication methods, such as slot-die coating, spray coating, and inkjet printing.

== Future Perspectives ==

The future of perovskite solar cells looks promising, with ongoing research aimed at further improving their efficiency and stability, reducing their cost, and making them a viable alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells.

== See Also ==

* [[Photovoltaics]]
* [[Solar energy]]
* [[Renewable energy sources]]

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[[Category:Renewable energy]]
[[Category:Photovoltaics]]
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