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Created page with "== Introduction == Seafloor massive sulfide deposits (SMSDs) are a type of mineral deposit that occurs beneath the ocean floor. These deposits are formed by hydrothermal vents, which are openings in the seafloor where heated, mineral-rich water is ejected from the earth's crust. SMSDs are of significant interest to the scientific community and the mining industry due to their high concentrations of valuable metals such as copper, zinc, gold, and si..."