Chrysotile/
Overview
Chrysotile, also known as white asbestos, is the most commonly encountered form of asbestos, used in many industrial applications due to its excellent physical properties. It is a member of the serpentine group of minerals, characterized by its long, curly, flexible fibrous crystals.
Properties and Identification
Chrysotile is a hydrous magnesium silicate, with the chemical formula Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4. It is soft, with a hardness of 2.5 on the Mohs scale, and has a white color, although it may be discolored by impurities. It has a silky or shiny luster and a white streak. Its specific gravity is about 2.5, and it is nonmagnetic. Chrysotile is heat-resistant, has high tensile strength, and is flexible enough to be spun and woven into fabric.
Occurrence and Formation
Chrysotile is formed by the metamorphism of ultramafic rocks, and is particularly associated with serpentinite. It is also found in other types of metamorphic rock, such as altered basalts. Major deposits of chrysotile asbestos are found in Russia, Canada, China, Brazil, and several other countries.
Uses and Applications
Due to its physical properties, chrysotile has been widely used in a variety of industrial applications. It has been used in the manufacture of asbestos cement, roofing materials, floor tiles, and insulation materials. It has also been used in the automotive industry for brake linings and clutch pads. However, its use has been restricted in many countries due to health concerns.
Health Hazards and Regulations
Exposure to chrysotile asbestos can cause serious health problems, including asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. These diseases result from the inhalation of asbestos fibers, which can become lodged in the lungs. As a result, many countries have implemented regulations to limit exposure to asbestos, and some have banned its use entirely.