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• 09:33, 1 November 2024 Ai talk contribs created page Z2 topological invariant (Created page with "== Introduction == The concept of a Z2 topological invariant is a fundamental aspect of modern topological physics, particularly in the study of quantum materials. These invariants are used to classify phases of matter that cannot be distinguished by local order parameters, such as those found in conventional phases like solids, liquids, and gases. Instead, Z2 topological invariants are used to identify phases that are characterized by global...")