Jeffersonian
Origins and Philosophy
The term "Jeffersonian" refers to the political philosophy and principles espoused by Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States. Jefferson's ideas formed the basis of Jeffersonian democracy, which emphasizes individual liberty, democratic government, and equality of political opportunity. Jeffersonian philosophy also includes a strict interpretation of the U.S. Constitution, a strong emphasis on states' rights, and a belief in the agrarian ideal.
Jeffersonian Democracy
Jeffersonian democracy is a term used to describe the idealized society and political system that Thomas Jefferson wanted to see established in the United States. This system was characterized by a strong belief in the common man and a distrust of elites and institutions. Jefferson believed that the best government was one that was as close to the people as possible, and that power should be distributed evenly among the citizenry. He also believed in the importance of education as a means of empowering the individual and promoting civic virtue.
Jefferson's Views on Government
Jefferson's views on government were shaped by his belief in the natural rights of man. He believed that governments were created by social contract to protect these rights, and that any government that failed to do so could be overthrown by the people. He also believed in the separation of powers and checks and balances as a means of preventing the concentration of power in any one branch of government.
Jefferson and the Constitution
Jefferson's interpretation of the Constitution was one of strict constructionism. He believed that the federal government had only those powers explicitly granted to it by the Constitution, and that all other powers were reserved to the states or to the people. This belief led him to oppose the creation of a national bank, which he saw as an overreach of federal power.
Jefferson's Agrarian Ideal
Jefferson believed that the health of the republic depended on the virtue of its citizens, and that this virtue was most likely to be found among farmers and those who lived close to the land. He saw cities and industrialization as corrupting influences, and believed that a nation of small, independent farmers was the best safeguard against tyranny.
Legacy
The legacy of Jeffersonian philosophy can be seen in many aspects of American society and government. The principles of individual liberty, democratic government, and equality of opportunity continue to be central to American political culture. Jefferson's belief in strict construction of the Constitution has also had a lasting impact on American constitutional law.