Coast to Coast Walk
Introduction
The Coast to Coast Walk is a renowned long-distance footpath in Northern England, traversing the diverse landscapes of the country from the Irish Sea to the North Sea. Conceived by the celebrated walker and author Alfred Wainwright, the path covers approximately 192 miles (309 kilometers) and offers a unique opportunity to experience the varied terrains and cultural heritage of the region. The walk passes through three national parks: the Lake District, the Yorkshire Dales, and the North York Moors, each offering distinct geological and ecological features.
Historical Background
The Coast to Coast Walk was first proposed by Alfred Wainwright in his 1973 book "A Coast to Coast Walk." Wainwright, known for his detailed guidebooks on the Lake District, designed the route to showcase the natural beauty and variety of Northern England. Unlike many other long-distance paths, the Coast to Coast is not an official National Trail, which means it is not maintained by the government but by local authorities and volunteers. The walk has gained popularity over the years, attracting thousands of hikers annually who seek to complete the journey from St Bees in Cumbria to Robin Hood's Bay in North Yorkshire.
Route Description
St Bees to Ennerdale
The walk begins at the small coastal village of St Bees, where hikers traditionally dip their boots in the Irish Sea and collect a pebble to carry across the country. The initial section leads through the rolling hills of West Cumbria, offering views of the Cumbrian Mountains and the Irish Sea. The path then enters the Lake District National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its rugged mountains and glacial lakes.
Lake District National Park
The Lake District section is often considered the most challenging and scenic part of the walk. Hikers traverse high passes such as Honister Pass and Greenup Edge, and encounter iconic peaks like Helvellyn and Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. The region's geology is characterized by ancient volcanic and sedimentary rocks, contributing to its dramatic landscapes.
Yorkshire Dales National Park
After leaving the Lake District, the route enters the Yorkshire Dales, a region known for its limestone formations, deep valleys, and pastoral scenery. The Dales are home to features such as Malham Cove, a limestone amphitheater, and the Ribblehead Viaduct, an engineering marvel of the Victorian era. The walk through the Dales offers a contrast to the ruggedness of the Lake District, with its rolling hills and stone-built villages.
North York Moors National Park
The final section of the walk traverses the North York Moors, characterized by expansive heather moorlands and ancient woodlands. The moors are underlain by Jurassic sandstone and limestone, creating a unique ecosystem that supports a variety of wildlife. The path descends to the picturesque village of Robin Hood's Bay, where hikers traditionally dip their boots in the North Sea, completing the coast-to-coast journey.
Geology and Ecology
The Coast to Coast Walk offers a cross-section of Northern England's geological history. The Lake District's geology is dominated by volcanic and sedimentary rocks from the Ordovician and Silurian periods, while the Yorkshire Dales feature Carboniferous limestone and gritstone. The North York Moors are primarily composed of Jurassic sandstone and shale. This geological diversity supports a wide range of habitats, from the oak woodlands of the Lake District to the limestone pavements of the Dales and the heather moorlands of the North York Moors.
The ecological significance of the walk is underscored by the presence of numerous protected areas and Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs). The route supports diverse flora and fauna, including red squirrels, peregrine falcons, and rare plant species such as the lady's slipper orchid.
Cultural and Historical Significance
The Coast to Coast Walk is not only a journey through natural landscapes but also a passage through the cultural and historical tapestry of Northern England. The path passes by ancient stone circles, Roman roads, and medieval castles, offering glimpses into the region's rich history. The villages along the route, such as Grasmere and Richmond, are steeped in cultural heritage, with connections to literary figures like William Wordsworth and historical events such as the Wars of the Roses.
Practical Considerations
Planning and Preparation
Hiking the Coast to Coast Walk requires careful planning and preparation. The route is typically completed in 12 to 16 days, depending on the hiker's pace and itinerary. Accommodation options range from camping and hostels to bed and breakfasts and hotels. Hikers should be prepared for variable weather conditions, as the region is known for its unpredictable climate.
While the path is well-trodden, it is not uniformly waymarked, and hikers should be proficient in map reading and navigation. The use of a detailed guidebook or GPS device is recommended. Safety considerations include being prepared for challenging terrain, especially in the Lake District, and ensuring adequate food and water supplies.
Environmental Impact and Conservation
The popularity of the Coast to Coast Walk has raised concerns about its environmental impact. Erosion, litter, and disturbance to wildlife are significant issues, particularly in sensitive areas such as the Lake District and North York Moors. Conservation efforts focus on maintaining the path, promoting sustainable tourism, and educating hikers about responsible practices.