Shakespeare and Company
Introduction
Shakespeare and Company is a renowned independent bookstore located in Paris, France. It has served as a literary hub for English-speaking writers and readers since its establishment in the early 20th century. The store is not only a retail space but also a cultural landmark, known for its unique history and contribution to the literary world. This article delves into the origins, evolution, and cultural significance of Shakespeare and Company, exploring its role in the literary community and its impact on both historical and contemporary literature.
Historical Background
Sylvia Beach and the Original Store
The original Shakespeare and Company was founded by Sylvia Beach in 1919 on the Left Bank of Paris. Beach, an American expatriate, envisioned the store as a haven for English-language literature and a gathering place for writers and intellectuals. The bookstore quickly became a focal point for the Lost Generation, a group of American writers who settled in Paris during the post-World War I era. Notable figures such as Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Gertrude Stein frequented the store, contributing to its reputation as a literary epicenter.
Beach's Shakespeare and Company was instrumental in the publication of James Joyce's "Ulysses" in 1922, a novel that faced censorship in the English-speaking world. Beach's decision to publish "Ulysses" solidified the bookstore's status as a champion of avant-garde literature and free expression.
Closure During World War II
The original Shakespeare and Company faced challenges during World War II. In 1941, the store was forced to close due to the German occupation of Paris. Sylvia Beach refused to sell a copy of James Joyce's "Finnegans Wake" to a German officer, leading to the store's closure. Despite this setback, Beach continued to support the literary community, preserving her collection of books and manuscripts.
The Revival by George Whitman
Establishment of the New Store
In 1951, George Whitman, an American bookseller, opened a new English-language bookstore on the Left Bank, initially named "Le Mistral." Inspired by Sylvia Beach's legacy, Whitman renamed his store "Shakespeare and Company" in 1964, in honor of Beach and her contributions to the literary world. The new store quickly became a cultural landmark, attracting writers, artists, and intellectuals from around the globe.
Whitman's vision for Shakespeare and Company extended beyond a traditional bookstore. He created a space where aspiring writers could live and work, offering them a bed in exchange for helping in the store and reading a book a day. This tradition, known as the "Tumbleweed Hotel," continues to this day, fostering a sense of community and creativity.
Literary Influence and Notable Visitors
Under Whitman's stewardship, Shakespeare and Company became a haven for the Beat Generation, a group of American writers who emerged in the 1950s. Allen Ginsberg, William S. Burroughs, and Jack Kerouac were among the many writers who found inspiration within the store's walls. The bookstore also hosted readings, workshops, and events, further cementing its role as a cultural hub.
The store's eclectic atmosphere and commitment to literature attracted a diverse array of visitors, including Henry Miller, Anaïs Nin, and Lawrence Durrell. Whitman's dedication to fostering a literary community ensured that Shakespeare and Company remained a vital part of the Parisian cultural landscape.
Architectural and Cultural Significance
Location and Design
Shakespeare and Company is located at 37 rue de la Bûcherie, in the heart of Paris's Latin Quarter. The store's charming exterior, with its green facade and yellow signage, has become an iconic symbol of literary Paris. Inside, the bookstore is a labyrinth of narrow passageways, cozy reading nooks, and towering bookshelves, creating an inviting and intimate atmosphere for visitors.
The store's design reflects its eclectic and bohemian spirit, with walls adorned with photographs, quotes, and memorabilia from its storied past. The bookstore's unique layout and decor contribute to its allure, drawing book lovers and tourists alike.
Role in the Literary Community
Shakespeare and Company's influence extends beyond its physical space. The bookstore has played a pivotal role in promoting English-language literature in Paris, hosting numerous literary events, readings, and workshops. It has also served as a platform for emerging writers, providing them with opportunities to share their work and connect with a global audience.
The store's commitment to fostering a sense of community is evident in its support for the "Tumbleweed Hotel" tradition, which has welcomed thousands of aspiring writers over the years. This tradition underscores the bookstore's mission to nurture creativity and provide a sanctuary for literary exploration.
Contemporary Developments
Leadership Transition
Following George Whitman's passing in 2011, his daughter, Sylvia Whitman, assumed leadership of Shakespeare and Company. Under her guidance, the bookstore has continued to thrive, adapting to the changing landscape of the literary world while preserving its rich heritage.
Sylvia Whitman has expanded the store's offerings, introducing a café and hosting a diverse array of events, including book launches, poetry readings, and writing workshops. Her efforts have ensured that Shakespeare and Company remains a vibrant and relevant cultural institution.
Digital Presence and Global Reach
In recent years, Shakespeare and Company has embraced digital technology to reach a wider audience. The bookstore's website offers an extensive selection of books, as well as information about upcoming events and initiatives. Additionally, the store's social media presence has allowed it to connect with readers and writers worldwide, fostering a global literary community.
The bookstore's commitment to innovation and inclusivity has ensured its continued relevance in the 21st century, attracting a new generation of literary enthusiasts.
Legacy and Impact
Influence on Literature and Culture
Shakespeare and Company's legacy is reflected in its enduring impact on literature and culture. The bookstore has been immortalized in numerous works of fiction and nonfiction, including Ernest Hemingway's "A Moveable Feast" and Henry Miller's "Tropic of Cancer." Its storied history and unique atmosphere have inspired countless writers, artists, and intellectuals.
The store's commitment to promoting free expression and supporting emerging voices has left an indelible mark on the literary world. Its influence can be seen in the countless writers who have passed through its doors, many of whom have gone on to achieve critical acclaim and success.
Cultural Significance
Shakespeare and Company's cultural significance extends beyond its role as a bookstore. It has become a symbol of literary Paris, representing the city's rich tradition of artistic and intellectual exploration. The store's enduring appeal lies in its ability to connect people through the shared love of literature, fostering a sense of community and belonging.
The bookstore's impact is further evidenced by its inclusion in numerous travel guides, documentaries, and films, cementing its status as a must-visit destination for literary enthusiasts and tourists alike.