Moscow: Difference between revisions

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== History ==
== History ==


[[Moscow]] is a city with a rich and complex history. The first known reference to Moscow dates back to 1147 when it was an obscure town in a small province. Over the centuries, it has grown into a global city and the political, economic, and cultural center of [[Russia]].
The history of [[Moscow|Moscow]], the capital of [[Russia|Russia]], is a chronicle of over eight centuries, beginning in the 12th century. It was first mentioned in the chronicles in 1147, when Prince [[Yuri Dolgorukiy|Yuri Dolgorukiy]] invited his relative, Prince Svyatoslav Olgovich, to a feast. This marked the birth of Moscow, a city that would eventually grow to be one of the most influential metropolises in the world.


The city's early history is marked by the Mongol invasion in the 13th century, which left it under Mongol rule for more than two centuries. During this period, Moscow began to assert its influence, and by the 15th century, it had become the capital of the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]], a precursor to the modern Russian state.
[[Image:Detail-71003.jpg|thumb|center|A historical view of Moscow with its ancient buildings and structures.|class=only_on_mobile]]
[[Image:Detail-71004.jpg|thumb|center|A historical view of Moscow with its ancient buildings and structures.|class=only_on_desktop]]


[[Image:Detail-42247.jpg|thumb|center|A panoramic view of Moscow showcasing historical buildings and monuments.|class=only_on_mobile]]
== Geography ==
[[Image:Detail-42248.jpg|thumb|center|A panoramic view of Moscow showcasing historical buildings and monuments.|class=only_on_desktop]]


In the 17th and 18th centuries, Moscow was eclipsed by [[St. Petersburg]], which was established by Peter the Great as the new capital of Russia. However, Moscow retained its significance as a cultural and economic center. The 19th century saw a resurgence of Moscow's political importance, culminating in the city being named the capital of the Soviet Union in 1918.
Moscow is situated in the western part of Russia, in the vast East European Plain. The city spans over a total area of 2,511 square kilometers and is divided by the [[Moskva River|Moskva River]]. The city's geography is characterized by flat terrain, with the highest point being Teplostanskaya highland at 255 meters above sea level.


The 20th century was a period of dramatic change for Moscow. The city underwent extensive industrialization under the Soviet regime and was transformed into a modern metropolis. Despite the hardships of World War II and the Cold War, Moscow continued to grow and develop, becoming a symbol of Soviet power.
== Climate ==


In the post-Soviet era, Moscow has emerged as a dynamic global city. It is a hub of business and finance, a center for Russian politics, and home to many cultural and historical landmarks.
Moscow experiences a [[Humid continental climate|humid continental climate]], with long, cold winters and warm, humid summers. The city's climate is influenced by its inland position, resulting in a significant temperature difference between seasons.


== Geography and Climate ==
== Demographics ==


Moscow is located in the western part of Russia, in the central part of the East European Plain. The city is situated on the Moskva River, which flows through the Moscow Basin, a large syncline in the upper part of the Russian Platform.
As of the latest census, Moscow is home to over 12 million residents, making it the most populous city in Russia and the seventh most populous city in the world. The city is a melting pot of cultures, with people from various ethnic backgrounds residing here.


The climate of Moscow is classified as a humid continental climate, with long, cold winters and short, warm summers. The city experiences significant seasonal variation in temperature, with average temperatures ranging from -10°C in January to 19°C in July.
== Government and Politics ==


[[Image:Detail-42249.jpg|thumb|center|Aerial view of Moscow showing the Moskva River and surrounding landscape.|class=only_on_mobile]]
Moscow serves as the political center of Russia, housing the country's top government offices, including the [[Kremlin|Kremlin]], the official residence of the President of Russia. The city's local government is headed by a Mayor, who is elected by the citizens of Moscow.
[[Image:Detail-42250.jpg|thumb|center|Aerial view of Moscow showing the Moskva River and surrounding landscape.|class=only_on_desktop]]


== Demographics ==
== Economy ==


As of 2020, the population of Moscow is estimated to be over 12 million, making it the most populous city in Russia and one of the most populous cities in the world. The city is characterized by its multiculturalism, with residents representing more than 100 different ethnic groups.
Moscow's economy is one of the largest among world cities and represents about 22% of Russia's GDP. The city is a major economic center for Russia and Eastern Europe, hosting a large number of businesses and serving as the headquarters for many multinational corporations.


The majority of Moscow's population is of Russian descent, but there are also significant communities of Ukrainians, Tatars, Armenians, and other ethnic groups. The city is also home to a large number of foreign residents, including expatriates from Western countries and migrant workers from Central Asia and the Caucasus.
== Culture ==
 
== Economy ==


Moscow is the economic heart of Russia, accounting for approximately 22% of the country's GDP. The city's economy is diverse, with key sectors including finance, retail, services, real estate, and manufacturing.
Moscow is a cultural hub, boasting a rich history and a vibrant arts scene. The city is home to renowned cultural institutions such as the [[Bolshoi Theatre|Bolshoi Theatre]], the [[Tretyakov Gallery|Tretyakov Gallery]], and the [[Pushkin Museum|Pushkin Museum]].  


The city is home to many of Russia's largest companies, including Gazprom, Rosneft, and Sberbank. It is also a major center for innovation and entrepreneurship, with a thriving startup scene and numerous tech companies.
== Education ==


[[Image:Detail-42251.jpg|thumb|center|Skyline of Moscow's financial district.|class=only_on_mobile]]
Moscow is a major educational center in Russia and Eastern Europe. The city is home to several prestigious universities, including [[Moscow State University|Moscow State University]], one of the oldest and most respected institutions of higher learning in Russia.
[[Image:Detail-42252.jpg|thumb|center|Skyline of Moscow's financial district.|class=only_on_desktop]]


== Culture ==
== Transportation ==


Moscow is a city of rich cultural heritage. It is home to world-renowned institutions such as the [[Bolshoi Theatre]], the [[Tretyakov Gallery]], and the [[Pushkin Museum]]. The city's cultural scene is diverse, encompassing everything from classical music and ballet to contemporary art and fashion.
Moscow boasts an extensive transportation network, which includes the [[Moscow Metro|Moscow Metro]], one of the deepest subway systems in the world. The city is also served by several international airports, including [[Sheremetyevo International Airport|Sheremetyevo International Airport]] and [[Domodedovo International Airport|Domodedovo International Airport]].
 
The city is also known for its distinctive architecture, which reflects its long and varied history. Landmarks such as the [[Kremlin]], [[Red Square]], and [[Saint Basil's Cathedral]] are emblematic of Moscow's architectural heritage.


== See Also ==
== See Also ==


* [[History of Russia]]
* [[History of Moscow]]
* [[Geography of Russia]]
* [[Geography of Moscow]]
* [[Economy of Russia]]
* [[Economy of Moscow]]
* [[Culture of Russia]]


[[Category:Cities in Russia]]
[[Category:Capital cities]]
[[Category:Capital cities]]
[[Category:Cities in Russia]]
[[Category:Historical cities]]
[[Category:Historical cities]]

Latest revision as of 21:15, 22 April 2024

History

The history of Moscow, the capital of Russia, is a chronicle of over eight centuries, beginning in the 12th century. It was first mentioned in the chronicles in 1147, when Prince Yuri Dolgorukiy invited his relative, Prince Svyatoslav Olgovich, to a feast. This marked the birth of Moscow, a city that would eventually grow to be one of the most influential metropolises in the world.

A historical view of Moscow with its ancient buildings and structures.
A historical view of Moscow with its ancient buildings and structures.

Geography

Moscow is situated in the western part of Russia, in the vast East European Plain. The city spans over a total area of 2,511 square kilometers and is divided by the Moskva River. The city's geography is characterized by flat terrain, with the highest point being Teplostanskaya highland at 255 meters above sea level.

Climate

Moscow experiences a humid continental climate, with long, cold winters and warm, humid summers. The city's climate is influenced by its inland position, resulting in a significant temperature difference between seasons.

Demographics

As of the latest census, Moscow is home to over 12 million residents, making it the most populous city in Russia and the seventh most populous city in the world. The city is a melting pot of cultures, with people from various ethnic backgrounds residing here.

Government and Politics

Moscow serves as the political center of Russia, housing the country's top government offices, including the Kremlin, the official residence of the President of Russia. The city's local government is headed by a Mayor, who is elected by the citizens of Moscow.

Economy

Moscow's economy is one of the largest among world cities and represents about 22% of Russia's GDP. The city is a major economic center for Russia and Eastern Europe, hosting a large number of businesses and serving as the headquarters for many multinational corporations.

Culture

Moscow is a cultural hub, boasting a rich history and a vibrant arts scene. The city is home to renowned cultural institutions such as the Bolshoi Theatre, the Tretyakov Gallery, and the Pushkin Museum.

Education

Moscow is a major educational center in Russia and Eastern Europe. The city is home to several prestigious universities, including Moscow State University, one of the oldest and most respected institutions of higher learning in Russia.

Transportation

Moscow boasts an extensive transportation network, which includes the Moscow Metro, one of the deepest subway systems in the world. The city is also served by several international airports, including Sheremetyevo International Airport and Domodedovo International Airport.

See Also

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