Bobsleigh track

Overview

A bobsleigh track is a specialized ice track designed for the winter sport of bobsleigh, in which teams of two or four athletes make timed runs down a narrow, twisting, banked, ice track in a gravity-powered sled. The design and construction of bobsleigh tracks are crucial for ensuring the safety of athletes while maximizing the competitive nature of the sport. These tracks are also used for the sports of skeleton and luge, though the sleds and techniques differ.

History

The origins of bobsleigh tracks can be traced back to the late 19th century in Switzerland, where the sport first gained popularity. The first purpose-built bobsleigh track was constructed in 1902 in St. Moritz, Switzerland, which remains one of the most famous tracks today. Initially, tracks were natural, using packed snow and ice, but technological advancements have led to the development of artificial tracks with refrigeration systems to maintain consistent ice conditions.

Design and Construction

Bobsleigh tracks are typically between 1,200 and 1,600 meters long, with a vertical drop of 110 to 150 meters. The track is composed of a series of straightaways, curves, and chicanes, designed to test the skill and precision of the athletes. The curves are banked to allow sleds to maintain speed and control.

The construction of a bobsleigh track involves several key elements:

• **Concrete Base**: Modern tracks are built with a concrete base that provides stability and allows for the installation of refrigeration pipes.
• **Refrigeration System**: A network of pipes circulates a refrigerant beneath the ice surface to maintain optimal ice conditions regardless of ambient temperature.
• **Ice Surface**: The ice is meticulously maintained to ensure a smooth and consistent surface. This involves regular spraying and scraping to repair any damage from sled runners.
• **Safety Barriers**: High walls and safety nets are installed along the track to protect athletes in case of a crash.

Track Features

1. 1. 1. Curves and Turns

The design of curves is critical, as they are the most challenging sections of the track. Each curve has a unique profile, with varying degrees of banking and radius. The most famous curves, such as the "Kreisel" (a 360-degree loop), require precise navigation to maintain speed and avoid crashes.

1. 1. 1. Start and Finish

The start of a bobsleigh run is crucial, as teams push the sled to gain initial momentum before jumping in. The start area is often equipped with a slight downhill gradient to aid acceleration. The finish line is equipped with timing sensors to record the precise time of each run.

1. 1. 1. Technical Zones

Certain sections of the track are designated as technical zones, where the skill of the driver is tested through complex combinations of curves and straightaways. These zones require precise steering and weight distribution to navigate successfully.

Safety Considerations

Safety is a paramount concern in the design and operation of bobsleigh tracks. Key safety features include:

• **Track Barriers**: High walls and netting are installed to prevent sleds from leaving the track.
• **Emergency Exits**: Designated areas along the track allow for quick evacuation in case of an accident.
• **Medical Facilities**: Tracks are equipped with medical stations and trained personnel to provide immediate assistance if needed.

Environmental Impact

The construction and maintenance of bobsleigh tracks can have significant environmental impacts. The use of refrigerants and energy-intensive systems to maintain ice conditions raises concerns about sustainability. Efforts are being made to reduce the carbon footprint of tracks through the use of eco-friendly refrigerants and energy-efficient technologies.

Notable Bobsleigh Tracks

Several bobsleigh tracks around the world are renowned for their design and history:

• **St. Moritz-Celerina Olympic Bobrun**: The oldest natural ice track, located in Switzerland, known for its challenging layout and scenic beauty.
• **Whistler Sliding Centre**: Built for the 2010 Winter Olympics, this track in Canada is one of the fastest in the world.
• **Alpensia Sliding Centre**: Located in South Korea, this track hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics and is known for its technical complexity.

See Also

• Skeleton (sport)
• Luge
• Winter Olympics