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Created page with "== Introduction == Cyst nematodes are a group of plant-parasitic nematodes belonging to the family Heteroderidae. These nematodes are characterized by their ability to form cysts, which are hardened protective structures that encase the eggs and provide a survival mechanism in adverse conditions. Cyst nematodes are significant agricultural pests, causing substantial yield losses in various crops worldwide. Their ability to parasitize plant roots and disrupt nutrient upt..."
